Cartografia das escolas médicas: a distribuição de cursos e vagas nos municípios brasileiros em 2020

Abstract

Introduction: The number of medical schools in Brazil, as well as the number of vacancies offered at these schools, has grown considerably in the last few years. Since 2013, this increasehas aimedat reaching especially the rural and underserved areas of the country. Objective: Considering that there are many different interests concerning this debate and that this reality directly influences the education and health policies of the country, the aim of this study was to evaluate the number and the distribution of the medical courses,as well as vacancies in these schools in 2020, presenting an updated overview of the Brazilian medical schools. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, based on data gathered from the Brazilian Ministry ofEducation and Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) website. The utilized variables were the number of courses, number of vacancies offered in each course, characteristics of the cities where the medical schools are located, such as population size, Human Development Index (HDI) and distance to the capital city of each state. Results: Among the institutions that have already initiated their activities, there are 328 active courses, offering 35.480 vacancies for Medical School applicants. There is a difference when analyzing public or private institutions and paid or tuition-free institutions. There is a greater offer of paid courses (74,1%) and of courses located in the countryside (69,8%). Among the courses in the countryside, 27,8% of the vacancies are offered within 100 km of the capital city. Only 7,9% of the annual vacancies are offered in cities with a medium HDI, and the remainder are offered in cities with high or very high HDI. The increase in HDI is related to the higher proportion of private courses offering medical vacancies. It was observed that there is no correspondence between the absolute number of vacancies and the population of the North region, differentfrom what occurs in the other regions of the country. Conclusions: Medical training is under many influences, such as economic and political trends. This discussion needs to consider the regionalization and democratization of access. It was observed that public institutions tend to be located in municipalities that are farther away from the capitals. Even though there is now greater homogeneity between the regions, the Southeast still concentrates almost half of the vacancies in medical courses. Also, the increase in the number of vacancies in private courses brings up the reflection about the socioeconomic profile of medical students who have the opportunity to gain access to this level of education.

Correlação entre o desempenho no Teste do Progresso e a aprovação na residência médica

“…Uma das limitações deste estudo foi não considerar a concorrência e dificuldade de acesso ao programa de RM, dependente da especialidade escolhida. É notório que altas médias no TP nem sempre são suficientes para a aprovação de um aluno que optou por uma especialidade cuja concorrência por vaga estivesse bastante elevada 20 . O índice de discriminação e o grau de dificuldade das provas não foram analisados no nosso estudo, entretanto não houve discrepâncias de resultados entre as turmas, indicando que as tais variáveis poderiam não ter influenciado neles.…”

Diagnostic radiology training for medical students - a Brazilian multicenter survey

“…In 2019, there were 335 medical schools in Brazil, and new units are opened every year. (1) The completion of medical school in Brazil takes 6 years, with an average 2 years of basic science instruction, 2 years of clinical instruction, and 2 years of clerkships, which are called intern years. After completion of medical school, there are several paths to practice different specialties.…”

Interiorização de cursos e vagas de graduação em Medicina e movimentação territorial de médicos no Brasil

“…A pesquisa corroborou e acrescentou informações aos estudos de autores (Pereira et al, 2021;Oliveira et al, 2019) que já haviam se debruçado sobre a descrição ou cartografia das escolas médicas no país, destacando a expansão e a distribuição de cursos e vagas de Medicina.…”

“…Enquanto Pereira et al (2021) destacaram a tendência de regionalização mais homogênea da oferta do ensino médico no Brasil, Oliveira et al (2019) já haviam observado o perfil progressivamente privatizado e parcialmente deslocado para cidades de médio e pequeno portes no interior dos estados.…”