[RETRACTED ARTICLE] Culture as a variable in neuroscience and clinical neuropsychology

Abstract

Culture is a dynamic system of bidirectional influences among individuals and their environment, including psychological and biological processes, which facilitate adaptation and social interaction. One of the main challenges in clinical neuropsychology involves cognitive, behavioral and functional assessment of people with different sociocultural backgrounds. In this review essay, examining culture from a historical perspective to ethical issues in cross-cultural research, including the latest significant and publications, the authors sought to explore the main features related to cultural variables in neuropsychological practice and to debate the challenges found regarding the operational methods currently in use. Literature findings suggest a more comprehensive approach in cognitive and behavioral neuroscience, including an interface between elementary disciplines and applied neuropsychology. Thus, as a basis for discussion on this issue, the authors analyzed key-topics related to the study of new trends in sociocultural neuroscience and the application of their concepts from a clinical perspective.

Neuropsicologia no Brasil: passado, presente e futuro

“…Na perspectiva de Wajman, Bertolucci, Mansur e Gauthier (2015), a grande questão que se coloca é: "Como a neurociência cultural pode trabalhar dentro de uma estrutura que não dá primazia ao cérebro ou à cultura?" (Wajman, Bertolucci, & Gauthier, 2015). Uma resposta possível estáno rompimento das dicotomias: "natureza e cultura" ou "cérebro e cultura", ambas eixos de tensão da própria psicologia.…”

Predictors of Perceived Multicultural Competence Among Neuropsychological Trainees

“…There is a lack of research examining competencies necessary to assess REMs in neuropsychology (Wajman, et al, 2015). In fact, little is known about multicultural assessment practices within neuropsychology, and Elbulok-Characape et al (2014) concluded that only one previous study investigated neuropsychological assessment practices with REMs (e.g., Echemendia et al, 1997).…”

“…Multicultural competence defines the awareness, knowledge, and skills needed to provide psychological services to individuals from diverse backgrounds, while neuropsychology is a specialty within professional psychology that applies assessment practices to study brainbehavior relationships (Bodin, Roper, O'Toole, & Haines, 2015;Jurado & Peuyo, 2012;Nell, 2000;. Despite the diversification of the United States and those seeking neuropsychological services, REM trainees and practitioners remain underrepresented (Cope et al, 2016;Rivera Mindt et al, 2010;Wajman et al, 2015). This discrepancy highlights the importance of competencies for working with diverse groups.…”

“…Census Bureau, 2011a). Multicultural research in neuropsychology is still developing and assessing REMs has been identified as a central challenge (Meyer et al, 2013;Wajman, Bertolucci, Mansur, & Gauthier, 2015). This is especially salient given that the available evidence suggests variables such as race and ethnicity influence the neuropsychological assessment process (Brickman, Cabo, & Manly, 2006;O'Bryant, O'Jile, & McCaffrey, 2004).…”

“…This is especially salient given that the available evidence suggests variables such as race and ethnicity influence the neuropsychological assessment process (Brickman, Cabo, & Manly, 2006;O'Bryant, O'Jile, & McCaffrey, 2004). Neuropsychology is a specialty within professional psychology that involves assessing cognitive and behavioral functioning (Bodin et al, 2014;Wajman et al, 2015). The APA guidelines for accreditation in professional psychology included recommendations to integrate cultural variables into training models, yet challenges related to neuropsychological evaluations with REMs persist (Puente, Perez-Garcia, Lopez, Hidalgo-Ruzzante, & Fasfous, 2013;Rivera Mindt et al, 2010).…”