Balanço de macronutrientes na dieta de idosos brasileiros: análises da Pesquisa Nacional de Alimentação 2008-2009

Abstract

ABSTRACT:Objective: This study aimed at evaluating the balance in the intake of protein, carbohydrate, and fat among the Brazilian elderly population. Methods: The data analyzed were taken from the National Dietary Survey 2008-2009, from a total of 4,286 Brazilian elders (60-104 years old). Based on the dietary intake obtained from two food records, the Multiple Source Method (MSM) was used to evaluate the macronutrients and saturated fat. The AMDR (Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range), by the Institute of Medicine (IOM), was used to evaluate the macronutrient energy percentage (%E). Linear regression models identified differences between macronutrients %E and household location (urban or rural), Brazilian macro-regions and gender. Results: Protein intake showed higher agreement with the AMDR reference value (99.86%). It was observed that in 9.2% of the population, fat intake was higher than the reference value, almost twice as high as the carbohydrate-energy percentage (4.9%) and nine times higher than protein (1.0%). Among those with low carbohydrate-energy percentage, 14.5% had higher fat-energy percentage (β = 8.19; p < 0.001), which means that 50% of the elderly whose carbohydrate intake was above the recommendation presented an overconsumption of fat. According to the macro-regions, the Midwest region was the only one to show differences for carbohydrate-energy percentage, which was lower than the others regions (51.6%; p < 0.05). The South region presented the lowest protein-energy percentage (17.9%; p < 0.01) and the highest fat-energy percentage (28.7%; p < 0.01). Conclusion: Higher prevalence of inadequate fat intake among the Brazilian elderly may indicate an important public health problem that is associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases.

Conhecimento de recomendações nutricionais por outros profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família

“…Much of the nutritional recommendations aimed at DM2 people involve reducing the number of carbohydrates, however; they must be carried out according to the need and specificity of each individual (30) otherwise, they can have adverse effects, one of which is low adherence to nutritional therapy, as well as compensation for excessive consumption of fat sources, especially the saturated one, with a negative impact on the already deficient response to insulin. Thus, a well-conducted nutritional education at the time of care is essential for recognizing the importance of a diversified and balanced diet as part of the treatment for the patient (31,32) .…”

Consumo de macro e micronutrientes de idosos com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 atendidos no núcleo de apoio ao idoso

“…9 Pesquisas avaliando a proporção de macronutrientes da alimentação de idosos saudáveis têm encontrado variações seme-lhantes, de 12% a 18% para proteína, 44% a 60% para carboidratos e 25% a 42% para gordura. 26,27 Estudo avaliando consumo de idosos saudáveis em todas as regiões do Brasil também mostrou inadequação no consumo calórico e de macronutrientes, sendo a proteína o macronutriente que apresentou maior adequação, diferente do baixo consumo de carboidrato e alto consumo de lipídios 28 , resultados opostos ao detectado neste estudo.…”

Consumo alimentar de idosos residentes na zona rural do município de Caxias do Sul, RS

“…Neste estudo foi constatada ingestão de lipídeos abaixo das recomendações, semelhante ao que verificaram Kucera et al 14 em estudo realizado com 90 idosos participantes de um projeto na Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), em que o consumo de lipídeos de 76,6% dos idosos ficou abaixo do recomendado. O alto consumo de lipídios na população idosa brasileira está associado ao aumento do risco de doenças crônicas 15 , fato que está relacionado com a transição nutricional e com o alto consumo de ultraprocessados constatados na população estudada, o que proporciona crescente oferta de alimentos industrializados ricos em gorduras, açúcares e sódio 16 .…”