Green synthesis and Characterization of ZnO-CoFe2O4 Semiconductor Photocatalysts Prepared Using Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) Peel Extract

Abstract

In this work, the semiconductor of ZnO-CoFe2O4 composites were prepared by green synthesis approach using rambutan peel extract (Nephelium lappaceum L.) as a capping agent. X-ray diffraction patterns of composites showed the main peaks of ZnO at 2θ = 31.8°, 34.5°, and 36.2° corresponding to hexagonal wurtzite structure and weak peak at 2θ = 35.4° for cubic structure of CoFe2O4. The formation of rice-like and small granular morphology were confirmed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM), whereas the superparamagnetic behavior of the samples were determined by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The spectrum of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed absorption bands related to a number of interactions and binding energy in the samples respectively. The photocatalytic performance of composites under solar light was evaluated for the degradation of Direct Red 81 and the dye from washing water of batik garments. The composites showed good photocatalytic activity with the degradation percentage reaching 99.6% for Direct Red 81 dye after 2 hours.

Simbang Darah (Iresine herbstii) extract mediated hydrothermal method in the synthesis of zinc ferrite spinel nanoparticles used for photocatalysis and antibacterial applications

“…The ZnFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles were synthesized via the hydrothermal method [28] using Simbang Darah leaf extract as a capping agent. A total of 1.49 g Zn(NO 3 ) 2 .4H 2 O and 4.04 g Fe(NO 3 ) 3 .9H 2 O were mixed in 50 mL Simbang Darah extract solution.…”

“…The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized ZnFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles was determined under solar light irradiation for direct red 81 dye adapted from [28]. ZnFe 2 O 4 catalyst in powder form was added to a petri dish containing 20 mL of 35 mg L − 1 direct red 81 solutions (pH = 6) and stored in a dark box for 30 min to investigate the adsorption process.…”

Spinel ferrite of MnFe2O4 synthesized in Piper betle Linn extract media and its application as photocatalysts and antibacterial

“…MnFe 2 O 4 particles were synthesized through a green synthesis approach using a hydrothermal method in betel leaf extract media. [19] The synthesis of MnFe 2 O 4 particles was made as follows: 5 mmol of Mn(NO 3 ) 2 .4H 2 O and 10 mmol of Fe(NO 3 ) 3 .9H 2 O were dissolved in 50 mL distilled water contain betel leaf extract (45:5). The solution was stirred at 500 rpm for 2 h at room temperature.…”

“…The procedure was adopted from the previous study. [19] The magnetic material of MnE3N, MnE3NK, MnE5N and MnE5NK (20 mg) were added into 30 mL of (35 mg/L) Direct Red 81 solutions. The mixtures immediately irradiated for 2 h under solar light (at 11.00 am-01.00 pm).…”

“…Numerous of natural extract has been used in synthesis of ferrite such as; aloe vera in the synthesis of nanocrystalline MFe 2 O 4 (M ¼ Cu, Ni, Zn), Hibiscus rosa-Sinensis in synthesis of CuFe 2 O 4 and ZnFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles, [16,17] sesame seeds extract in synthesis of CoFe 2 O 4 , [18] Nephelium lappaceum L in green synthesis CoFe 2 O 4 , [19] and moringa oleifera in synthesis ZnFe 2 O 4 . [20] Green betel leaf extract can be used as a media in synthesizing nanomaterial because it provides a simple, efficient, and green route.…”