Structural and Magnetic Properties of Duplex Stainless steel (UNS S31803) Powders Obtained by high Energy Milling of Chips with Additions of NbC

Mendonça, Claudiney de Sales Pereira; Oliveira, Adhimar Flávio; Oliveira, Leonardo Albergaria; Silva, Manoel Ribeiro da; Melo, Mírian de Lourdes Noronha Motta; Silva, Gilbert

doi:10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2017-0717

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…The presence of deformation-induced martensite was also observed. Mendonça et al (2017) verified the appearance of the martensite induced by deformation after the milling process, by increasing the values of saturation magnetization obtained by magnetic measurements [22].…”

Section: Microhardness (Hv)supporting

confidence: 62%

“…verified an increase in density values for the duplex stainless-steels starting from Fe-Cr-Ni powders produced by powder metallurgy at temperatures of Thus, the particle size obtained after 50 h of milling with 3% vanadium carbide was the measurement by particle size analyzer and was found to be smaller than the initial chip size. Mendonça et al (2017) show that the addition of carbides increases the efficiency of the milling process over carbide-free milling-this is due to the carbide particles, a material with a high hardness, which collides with the chip. This collision causes a region of generalized stresses in the ductile particle, leading to rupture through the combination of the ductile-brittle process [40].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A New Method to Recycle Stainless–Steel Duplex UNS S31803 Chips

Claudiney

Oliveira

Sachs

et al. 2018

Metals

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Due to the increased consumption of raw materials, energy, and the waste it generates, recycling has become very important and fundamental for the environment and the industrial sector. The production of duplex stainless-steel powders with the addition of vanadium carbide in the high energy mechanical milling process is a new method for recycling materials for the manufacture of components in the industrial sector. This study aims to reuse the chips from the duplex stainless-steel UNS S31803 by powder metallurgy with the addition of Vanadium carbide (VC). The mechanical milling was performed using a planetary ball mill for 50 h at a milling speed of 350 rpm and a ball-to-powder weight ratio of 20:1, and the addition of 3 wt % of VC. The material submitted to milling with an addition of carbide has a particle size of less than 140 µm. After milling, the sample went through a stress relief treatment performed at 1050 • C for 1 h and the isostatic compaction process loaded with 300 MPa. The sintered powders and material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and micro-hardness tests. The milling process with an addition of 3% VC produced a particle size smaller than the initial chip size. The measurement of micrometric sizes obtained was between 26 and 132 µm. The sintered material had a measurement of porosity evaluated at 15%. The obtained density of the material was 84% compared to the initial density of the material as stainless-steel duplex UNS S31803. The value of the microhardness measurement was 232 HV. The material submitted for grinding presented the formation of a martensitic structure and after the thermal treatment, the presence of ferrite and austenite phases was observed. Thus, in conclusion, this study demonstrates the efficacy in the production of a metal-ceramic composite using a new method to recycle stainless-steel duplex UNS S31803 chips.

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Section: Microhardness (Hv)supporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Method to Recycle Stainless–Steel Duplex UNS S31803 Chips

Claudiney

Oliveira

Sachs

et al. 2018

Metals

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“…Some authors revealed the production of finer particles, d 50 of almost 100 µm, by the addition of SA in the beginning of the milling process [ 8 ]. As regards the fragmentation in the presence of reinforcement, an addition of a 3% NbC resulted in narrowing particle size distribution [ 28 ].…”

Section: Characterization Of Powder Particles Produced From Metal Chipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, grain coarsening did not occur in the annealed nanocomposite powders, at 600 °C for 1 h, whereas the milled-annealed Ti 6 Al 4 V powders showed significant grain coarsening [ 27 ]. Other researchers evaluated the recycling of a duplex stainless steel in the presence of 3% of NbC by milling, the transformation of austenite to martensite occurred, induced by severe plastic deformation though that transformation reduced in the presence of NbC [ 28 ]. Some researchers produced in situ TiC reinforced Ti composite powder by adding graphite to Ti chips; these authors showed that the graphite behaved as an inhibitor for fragmentation as well as oxidation [ 31 ].…”

Section: Recycling Chips For Powder Metallurgy Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Machining Chips to Raw Material for Powder Metallurgy—A Review

et al. 2021

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Chips are obtained by subtractive processes such as machining workpieces and until recently considered as waste. However, in recent years they are shown to have great potential as sustainable raw materials for powder technologies. Powder production from metal chips, through the application of solid-state processes, seems to be an alternative to conventional atomization from liquid cooled with different fluids. However, chip material and processing have an essential role in the characteristics of powder particles, such as particle size, shape, size distribution and structure (4S’s), which are essential parameters that must be considered having in mind the powder process and the metallurgy applications. Moreover, different approaches refereed in the application of this new “powder process” are highlighted. The goal is to show how the actual research has been transforming subtractive processes from a contributor of wastes to clean technologies.

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“…Vanadium carbide is an important material for industrial applications due to excellent resistance to high temperatures, and its high chemical and thermal stability, even at high temperature [17]. In some studies, it was verified that the addition of carbide in the process of the high energy milling of chips from the machining process, resulted in greater efficiency of the milling process, with a greater decrease in the size of the particles, obtaining sizes of nanometric particles [18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling Chips of Stainless Steel Using a Full Factorial Design

Mendonça

Capellato

Bayraktar

et al. 2019

Metals

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The aim of this study was to provide an experimental investigation on the novel method for recycling chips of duplex stainless steel, with the addition of vanadium carbide, in order to produce metal/carbide composites from a high-energy mechanical milling process. Powders of duplex stainless steel with the addition of vanadium carbide were prepared by high-energy mechanical ball milling utilizing a planetary ball mill. For this proposal, experiments following a full factorial design with two replicates were planned, performed, and then analyzed. The four factors investigated in this study were rotation speed, milling time, powder to ball weight ratio and carbide percentage. For each factor, the experiments were conducted into two levels so that the internal behavior among them could be statistically estimated: 250 to 350 rpm for rotation speed, 10 to 50 h for milling time, 10:1 to 22:1 for powder to ball weight ratio, and 0 to 3% carbide percentage. In order to measure and characterize particle size, we utilized the analysis of particle size and a scanning electron microscopy. The results showed with the addition of carbide in the milling process cause an average of reduction in particle size when compared with the material without carbide added. All the four factors investigated in this study presented significant influence on the milling process of duplex stainless steel chips and the reduction of particle size. The statistical analysis showed that the addition of carbide in the process is the most influential factor, followed by the milling time, rotation speed and powder to ball weight ratio. Significant interaction effects among these factors were also identified.

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Structural and Magnetic Properties of Duplex Stainless steel (UNS S31803) Powders Obtained by high Energy Milling of Chips with Additions of NbC

Cited by 10 publications

References 21 publications

A New Method to Recycle Stainless–Steel Duplex UNS S31803 Chips

A New Method to Recycle Stainless–Steel Duplex UNS S31803 Chips

From Machining Chips to Raw Material for Powder Metallurgy—A Review

Recycling Chips of Stainless Steel Using a Full Factorial Design

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