“…To date, most studies discussing the mathematics component of the curriculum of primary education degree programs seem to assume that incoming students have already mastered a certain body of basic mathematical knowledge, when there is increasing evidence, at least in some countries, that they have not (Beswisk and Goos, 2012;Hine, 2015;Ingram and Linsell, 2014;Lo and Luo, 2012;Norton, 2018;Tatto et al, 2008;and Qian and Youngs, 2016). The studies of Arce, Marbán and Palop (2017), Buforn and Fernández (2014), Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez, Gómez and Rico (2016), Montes et al (2015), Nortes andNortes (2013), andSáenz (2007) are some examples of research that has gathered evidence of limitations in the mathematical knowledge of students on primary teaching degree programs in Spain.…”