Care Given to Newborns Fed by Gastric Tube: Concepts and Practices

Abstract

Objective: to describe the conduct related to feeding care through gastric tube in neonates hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, from scientific articles published in the last five years. Method: an integrative literature review was developed in the databases: MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO, CINAHL and BDENF. The search for the studies was carried out in August 2016, in English, Spanish and Portuguese. Results: 33 articles were analyzed. The level of evidence was classified as level IV (30%), level VI (27%), level II (15%), level III (18%), level I, V and VII with 3% each. The analytical categories were: Gastric tubes, their materials and their use in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Nursing care for enteral nutrition through gastric tube in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, From the tube the oral route. The time to reach total enteral nutrition is lower, as is the decrease in length of hospital stay. The largest losses of milk fat are during gastroclysis at the expense of gavage. The relationship of food tolerance to dietary dosage form and volumes is not yet conclusive. Nursing stands out: in favor of the bond with the family, in the physical examination and evaluation, in the positioning, in the non-nutritive suction during the diet, in the oral stimulus, in the observation and conduct regarding the gastric residue. Conclusion: due to the heterogeneity of the data, more randomized and qualitative clinical trials are required to better support the conduct and improvement of nursing care.

Óbitos precoces de recém-nascidos prematuros em município brasileiro de fronteira

“…No presente estudo, foram identifi cados prematuros que precisaram de cirurgias e de dispositivos invasivos, como sondas gástricas, utilizadas para administração de medicamentos e alimentos por bomba de infusão ou por gavagem, de forma lenta. A sonda gástrica é efi caz e segura para a alimentação do prematuro, considerando sua difi culdade para deglutir 24 .…”

Chat sobre cateterismo gástrico como ferramenta para a aprendizagem em enfermagem pediátrica e neonatal

“…Por sua vez, o cateterismo gástrico é uma técnica amplamente utilizada no contexto das unidades neonatais e pediátricas, essencial para suprir as demandas nutricionais e para a manutenção da saúde dos recém-nascidos (RN) e crianças hospitalizadas, especialmente os prétermo. Contudo, faltam evidências científicas que embasem o ensino sobre os cuidados com o cateterismo gástrico em crianças e neonatos (2) .…”

Transition from catheter feeding to oral feeding and breastfeeding of neonates in NICU

“…As a result of medical technology and progress in perinatal care, the survival of preterm neonates has increased in the last decade [1]. Intestinal feeding through the gastric tube fulfills the nutritional needs in case of inability to breastfeed due to immaturity or inability to coordinate breastfeeding and respiration of the neonate [2]. When infants overcome the risk of premature life-threatening conditions related to prematurity, discharge from hospital is often delayed due to their inability to feed effectively [3].…”