Produção de sentidos entre adolescentes sobre o cuidado de si na gravidez

Abstract

No pré-natal, profissionais comumente desconsideram a rede de produção de sentidos de adolescentes sobre o cuidado de si na gravidez. Busca-se evidenciá-la em uma situação concreta, com foco nas fontes e comunidades de referência para adolescentes de áreas pobres de Cuiabá-MT, Brasil, sintetizadas em um mapa. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo, realizado entre 2014-2015, com 12 adolescentes grávidas, por meio de: grupo focal, entrevista individual, consulta a prontuários e análise baseada em preceitos e categorias da Análise de Discurso Crítica. A principal comunidade discursiva de referência das adolescentes é a família, embora profissionais de saúde, mídia e conhecidos também intermedeiem a construção de seus discursos. A cultura biomédica e o cuidado, como controle de riscos via comportamentos, são, respectivamente, as fontes e as vozes mais relevantes dentre outras concorrentes. Entender essas peculiaridades propicia ao profissional buscar melhores formas de relacionar-se com adolescentes e ampliar sua autonomia.

Realities and perspectives of adolescent mothers in their first pregnancy

“…Six had stopped school, two before and four after pregnancy; only one completed High School. None of them had paid work, and all of them took care of the child and depended financially on the partner or family (9) .…”

“…Among the reasons for leaving school, they listed the symptoms of pregnancy, such as nausea, weight gain, mood swings and drowsiness, linked to greater commitment to the child, especially during breastfeeding. These experiences in fact lead to abandoning school (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15) .…”

“…Although the thematic of pregnancy in adolescence is extensive, and with several approaches (5)(6)(7)(9)(10) , gaps have been observed in this approach, since the various studies found portray various singularities of this phenomenon. Thus, it was outlined as an objective to understand the trajectory of adolescents in their first pregnancy, contemplating realities and perspectives.…”

Grupo de gestantes adolescentes: contribuições para o cuidado no pré-natal

“…Poor coping skills may lead teenagers to neglect self-care and the care for their babies, refusing to attend prenatal care appointments and, thus, contributing to biopsychological and social vulnerabilities (14).…”

“…The use of audiovisual resources and the technique of dramatization were incorporated into the activities developed at the pregnant women's groups to convey information on pregnancy, healthy life habits and the recognition of signs of labor or complications during pregnancy. A frank and open dialogue is expected among the teenagers and the nurse professionals during the group sessions to encourage these young women to exchange their experiences, and sometimes, a more customized support is necessary (14).…”