The role of human milk and sucrose on cariogenicity of microcosm biofilms

Abstract

This study investigated the effect of human milk, alone and associated with sucrose, in the cariogenicity of biofilms in a microcosm biofilm model and compared with the cariogenicity of sucrose and bovine milk. Microcosm biofilms were grown in enamel discs in 24-well plates. Six growth conditions were studied: DMM (chemically defined artificial saliva-negative control), DMM with 1% of sucrose (DMM+s) (positive control), human milk with DMM, human milk with DMM+s, bovine milk with DMM, and bovine milk with DMM+s. After 5 days, the outcome variables surface hardness change (%SHC), microbiological composition of biofilms, and pH of supernatant were analyzed. All groups had significantly lower hardness loss compared to the DMM group with 1% of sucrose. Human and bovine milk associated with sucrose showed higher hardness loss. The supernatant pH values after 6 hours of different treatments were similar for the groups sucrose and human milk associated with sucrose (p>0.05). After 18 hours at rest in pure DMM, an increase in the pH of the supernatant was observed. Higher values of total microorganisms count were found for sucrose and bovine milk groups compared to the group supplemented only by DMM. Bovine milk group showed greater amount of total aciduric microorganisms in comparison to human milk group. Within the limits of this study, it can be infered that both human and cow milks have some cariogenic potential, although differing from sucrose in terms of mineral loss.

Influence of breastfeeding duration on the incidence of dental caries in preschoolers: a cohort study

“…8 In vitro and in situ studies have shown that human milk has the potential to induce the demineralization of tooth enamel and supplementation with sugar exponentially enhances its cariogenic potential. 18,19,20 The cariogenic potential of breastmilk is reported to be higher than that of bovine milk, but lower than that found in baby formulas. 21 Important factors that should be taken into consideration are breastfeeding frequency and timing.…”

The Influence of Diet on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Induced by Bacterial Biofilms in the Human Oral Cavity

“…The sheath covering the surfaces is approximately 1 micron thick and is specific to each surface. The sheaths on the hard tissue surfaces are not identical, on the epithelium they are referred to as the mucous sheath [59,60]. The casing is removed from the abovementioned tissues and regenerated after 90-120 min.…”

“…The bacterial plaque adheres tightly to the surface, it cannot be rinsed, even with preparations under high pressure. It can only be removed with a toothbrush, with appropriate movements depending on the conditions in the oral cavity, or with the use of specially designed dental tools [4,[43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59]. Clinically, it is a yellowish, consistent mass, slightly darker than the color of the enamel, and covers the teeth in inverse proportion to the host's oral hygiene.…”

“…Scientific research on oxygen-which we need to live-has shown that it has a disastrous effect on the cells of the body, but its unfavorable effect depend on its availability in the mouth. Thanks to its presence, the following bacteria multiply faster: caprophilic, microaerophilic, obligate anaerobes, and relative anaerobes [15,24,25,[33][34][35][59][60][61]. When homeostasis in the oral cavity is disturbed, inflammation appears, the occurrence of which is undoubtedly influenced by oxidative stress.…”

Oral-Health-Related Quality of Life and Cosleeping: The Role of Nocturnal Breastfeeding

“…Some studies claim that human milk is less cariogenic than bovine/infant formulas [4], although there is controversy regarding this claim [5,6]. However, when breastfeeding is maintained beyond 12 months, especially at night, it is associated with an increased risk of dental caries development and even promotes the development of early childhood caries [7,8].…”