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This study assessed impact of socio-environmental, individual and biologic factors on the worsening and severe worsening of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among preschoolers and their families. A cohort study was conducted in Diamantina, Brazil, with 151 children between one and three years of age and their mothers, who were evaluated at baseline (2014) and re-evaluated after three years (2017). The children were clinically examined to assess the presence of dental caries, malocclusion, dental trauma and enamel defects. The mothers answered the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (B-ECOHIS) and a questionnaire addressing individual characteristics of the child and socio-environmental factors. Extensive caries found in the follow-up (RR= 1.91; 95% CI= 1.26-2.91) and failure to undergo the dental treatment recommended at baseline (RR= 2.49; 95% CI= 1.62-3.81) were associated with worsening of OHRQoL over three years. An increase in the number of children in the household (RR= 2.95; 95% CI= 1.06-8.25), occurrence of extensive caries in the follow-up (RR= 2.06; 95% CI= 1.05-4.07) and failure to undergo the dental treatment recommended at baseline (RR= 3.68; 95% CI= 1.96-6.89), were associated with a severe worsening of OHRQoL. In conclusion, the risk of worsening and severe worsening of OHRQoL was higher in preschoolers with extensive caries at follow-up and among those who did not undergo dental treatment. Furthermore, severe worsening of OHRQoL was also impacted by an increase in the number of children in the household.

The prevalence of dental plaque in 1-to 4-year-old children ranges from 25.3% to 75%. [1][2][3] However, the prevalence of cavitated caries lesions in Brazilian children of similar age is lower, ranging from 27% to 34%. 4,5 This indicates how the time factor can be a determinant for developing caries lesions. In young children, the dentist must pay attention to traits that can predict the presence of caries lesions.The cariogenic plaque formed on a dental structure is an important predictor of oral disease development, including dental caries and periodontal disease. 6,7 Tooth brushing and flossing are the major strategies to remove dental plaque. 8 For this reason, it is fundamental

Objectives: investigate the association between breastfeeding duration and the incidence of severe caries in preschoolers. Methods: a cohort study was conducted with 132 pairs of mothers and children in the city of Diamantina, Brazil. Data collection was performed in 2 moments: when the children were between two and three years of age (baseline- 2013/2014) and after three years (T1-2016/2017). In both moments, children were evaluated for dental caries (International Caries Detection and Assessment System - ICDAS) and a questionnaire was administered to the mothers addressing socioeconomic aspects and thee habits of children. The outcome evaluated was the incidence of severe caries (Dentin caries - ICDAS Codes 5 and 6). Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, chi-squared test and Poisson hierarchical regression with robust variance. Results: children who breastfed for more than 24 months (RR = 2.24 CI95%= 1.23-4.08), those whose parents were separated (RR = 1.73 CI95%= 1.11-2.69), and those with estab-lished/severe caries (RR = 2.74 CI95%= 1.37-5.49) at baseline were at greater risk of incidence of severe caries after three years. Conclusion: breastfeeding for more than 24 months is a risk factor for incidence of severe caries. In addition, family structure and established or severe baseline caries were associated.

Background: Congenital atresia of the submandibular gland duct is a rare condition, originated during the embryogenic process, characterized by swelling in the region of the oral floor. A few cases of congenital atresia of the submandibular gland duct have appeared in the literature and only one reports no surgical intervention to date. Case series: In the present study reports two cases of babies with clinical findings demonstrating swelling well-defined in the region of the oral floor, slightly translucent bluish color, painless to palpation, without finding stones or salivary drainage and apparently with no perforation of the submandibular gland duct. Both patients were kept under observation, later presenting spontaneous regression. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of conducting a thorough clinical examination in addition to showing that the use of complementary exams may not be essential.

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