Composition in fatty acids of mature milk of nursing mothers

Abstract

Objectives: to determine the fatty acid composition of mature milk of nursing mothers and its distribution according to some maternal variables. Methods: this is a cross-sectional observational epidemiological study based on the eva-luation of the fatty acid profile of mature human milk. Samples of mature breast milk were taken from 106 nursing mothers, by manual milking and who were after the 5th postpartum week. The milk fat extraction was carried out by using the Bligh and Dyer method and methy-lated with 0.25 mol/L sodium methoxide in methanol diethyl ether. The fatty acid of the milk profile was determined by a Gas Chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector. Results: among the saturated fatty acids, the highest values were observed for palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0), myristic (C14:0) and lauric (C12:0) fatty acids, respectively. Among the monounsaturated fatty acids, there was a higher contribution of oleic (C18:1) and palmi-toleic (C16:1) fatty acids, respectively. The total essential fatty acids (linoleic and α-linolenic) was 14.94%. Conclusions: a low content of essential fatty acids in the breast milk of the nursing mothers was observed in the present study, which are important for infant growth and deve-lopment. We suggest the need to implement nutrition education strategies aimed for pregnant women and nursing mothers who should be advised to eat healthier foods.

Human Milk Fatty Acid Composition and Its Effect on Preterm Infants’ Growth Velocity

“…Overall, the MUFAs were the most abundant FAs in the UFA class in all these studies including the present study. Oleic acid (C18:1n9) was found to be the most abundant MUFA (32.12 ± 4.08%), which was similar to the studies by Wan [29][30][31]. A positive relationship was found between the gestational age (r = 0.563, p ˂ 0.001), birth weight (r = 0.404, p < 0.017), and growth velocity (r = 0.491, p ˂ 0.004) with Eicosadienoic acid (C20:2n6 %).…”

“…Oleic acid (C18:1n9) was found to be the most abundant MUFA (32.12 ± 4.08%), which was similar to the studies by Wan et al (2010) (31.26 ± 3.72%), Miliku et al (2019) (37.05 ± 3.59%), and Thakkar et al (2019) (35.22 ± 5.16%), comprising 88% of the total MUFAs [ 23 , 24 , 25 ]. The PUFAs comprised 15.70% (±7.10%) of the total FAs, which is similar to the value found by Koletzko (2016) (15.2 ± 4.26 %) Bzikowska-Jura et al (2019) (15.1 ± 3.4%) and Freitas et al (2020) (14.94 ± 5.07%) [ 29 , 30 , 31 ]. A positive relationship was found between the gestational age (r = 0.563, p ˂ 0.001), birth weight (r = 0.404, p < 0.017), and growth velocity (r = 0.491, p ˂ 0.004) with Eicosadienoic acid (C20:2n6 %).…”

Evaluation of polyunsaturated fatty acids content in the three stages of breast milk: colostrum, transitional and mature milk of a nursing mother submitted to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery two months prior to pregnancy: Case study

“…It is noteworthy that DHA and ARA are present in the phospholipids of cell membranes and directly influence neuronal development, visual acuity and the baby's immune system (Freitas, et al, 2019).…”

Cytokines-Biogenesis and Their Role in Human Breast Milk and Determination

“…These fatty acids and their precursors (exogenous compounds) are not produced by the body and have supplied with the diet. Omega fatty acids are metabolized by the same enzymes, but fatty acids from one omega group cannot be converted to another group [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] (Figure 5). precursors (exogenous compounds) are not produced by the body and have supplied with the diet.…”

“…precursors (exogenous compounds) are not produced by the body and have supplied with the diet. Omega fatty acids are metabolized by the same enzymes, but fatty acids from one omega group cannot be converted to another group [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] (Figure 5). α-Linolenic acid (ALA, the precursor of the omega-3 family), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are the major fatty acids of the omega-3 family.…”