Trends in teenage pregnancy in Brazil in the last 20 years (2000-2019)

Monteiro, Denise Leite Maia; Monteiro, Ida Peréa; Machado, Márcia Sacramento Cunha; Bruno, Zenilda Vieira; Silveira, Filomena Aste; Rehme, Marta Francis Benevides; Takiuti, Albertina Duarte; Rodrigues, Nádia Cristina Pinheiro

doi:10.1590/1806-9282.20210265

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Despite the decrease of 37.2% in the frequency of adolescent pregnancy in the past years 12 , repeated pregnancy does not occur in the same way. It can be verified that in Brazil, between 2015 and 2019, there was no significant decrease in repeated pregnancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Repeated adolescent pregnancy in Brazil from 2015 to 2019

Monteiro

Miranda

Bruno

et al. 2023

Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras.

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SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the rate of repeated pregnancy in adolescence and its association with early marriage and education level. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study conducted by searching the Live Births Data System. The study included all adolescents in the age group 10–19 years with live births from 2015 to 2019 (n=2,405,248), divided into three groups: G1: primiparas; G2: with 1 previous pregnancy; and G3: with two or more previous pregnancies. RESULTS: Total repeated pregnancies remained stable, along the years. In the age group 10–14 years, the decrease in the period was from 5.0 to 4.7%, whereas in the age group 15–19 years, it was from 27.8 to 27.3%. Being married or in a stable union increases by 96% the chance of repeated pregnancy in the age group 10–14 years (p<0.001; OR=1.96; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.85–2.09). In the age group 15–19 years, the chance of repeated pregnancy among the married or in stable union increased 40% (p<0.001; OR=1.40; 95%CI 1.39–1.41)). Girls aged 10–14 years with an education level of<8 years had a 64% higher chance of repeated pregnancy (p<0.001; OR=1.64; 95%CI 1.53–1.75), and among those aged 15–19 years, there was a 137% higher chance of repeated pregnancy (p<0.001; OR=2.37; 95%CI 2.35–2.38). CONCLUSION: Repeated pregnancy in adolescence in Brazil remains very high over the years. There is an association between low education level and early marriage with repeated pregnancies in adolescence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Repeated adolescent pregnancy in Brazil from 2015 to 2019

Monteiro

Miranda

Bruno

et al. 2023

Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras.

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“…Advanced maternal age is a risk factor in the later period, but is not significant in the earlier period. This shift may owe something to the dramatic decline in teenage pregnancy in Brazil in the last 20 years (Monteiro et al, 2021).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does conditioning cash transfers on health treatment harm the health of other families on low incomes who depend on public services? Evidence from Brazil

Csapo

2023

Development Policy Review

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Summary Motivation Cash transfers have become popular for relieving poverty in the Global South. Many programmes are conditional on beneficiaries complying with medical check‐ups, nutritional assessments, and vaccinations. Such conditions may improve the health of beneficiaries, above all the health of their young children. But often public health provision is strained. Might the increased attention to those getting the transfers reduce health services to non‐beneficiaries, and especially those on low incomes who cannot afford private medicine? Purpose What are the impacts of the largest and longest‐lived conditional cash transfer programme in the world, Brazil's Bolsa Família (BF), on the health of non‐beneficiaries living in poverty? Does the health of non‐beneficiaries suffer when BF requirements come into place? Do the health requirements of BF lead to increased administrative costs for local health centres? Do they squeeze remaining resources for health care? Methods and approach Surveys from before and after the creation of BF are used to model the probability of death for infants born into poor households, comparing those enrolled in BF to those not included. The impacts of the BF programme on local health budgets are modelled through regression analysis. The analysis takes advantage of the varying degree of coverage of BF at the level of municipalities across Brazil. Findings Implementation of BF led to lower risk of death of infants from beneficiary families than predicted by trends before BF, while infants from impoverished non‐beneficiary families developed a higher‐than‐expected risk of death. The benefits to the former group were larger than the harm to the latter group, which explains why BF appears to reduce infant and child mortality in aggregate. The expansion of BF depressed local spending on primary health care. Above all, more of the health budget and staff time was spent on monitoring compliance with health conditionalities. Policy implications The harmful spillovers from BF to the health of low‐income households who were not included in the programme pose questions about the conditions that often accompany cash transfer programmes. In cases like Brazil, where budgets for public health care are limited, unconditional transfers might be preferable. Or, if health conditions are applied to cash transfer beneficiaries, then extra resources need to be granted to health centres to allow them to deal with the increased demand from beneficiaries for services.

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“…There was a reduction of 37.2% (23.4% in 2000 to 14.7% in 2019) and 48 births per 1,000 adolescents aged 15-19 years in 2019 (in 2000, the fertility rate in the age group 15-19 years was 81/1,000). It is observed that the LB percentage is inversely proportional to the human development index (HDI), because only the Southeast and South regions presented indicators below the country's average (38.2 and 39‰, respectively) 2 . However, the numbers of adolescent pregnancy are still very high in relation to developed countries, and there is great regional inequality within the country.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%