Experimentação do tempo e estilo de vida em contexto de trabalho imaterial

Abstract

ResumoEste artigo buscou responder, em contexto de trabalho imaterial, que estilo de vida decorre do uso do tempo permeado pelas tecnologias da informação e comunicação. O estudo qualitativo contou com a participação de 18 docentes horistas de instituições de ensino superior privadas. A coleta de dados se deu por meio de entrevista individual semiestruturada, com foco no uso das tecnologias da informação e comunicação e no exercício do trabalho imaterial, considerando o tempo de trabalho e de não trabalho. A análise de conteúdo partiu dos dados coletados. Os resultados, em consonância com a literatura  em especial, Bauman (2008b), Deleuze (1998), Giddens (2002, Gorz (2005) e Lazzarato e Negri (2001) apontaram que, em contexto de trabalho imaterial, o estilo de vida é instrumentalizado pelo modo de trabalhar e pelo uso das tecnologias de informação e comunicação. Ele se configura como uma imposição aos sujeitos que o toma na perspectiva de uma estratégia existencial consumista. Mesmo contratado por tempo fracionado em horas, o trabalho dos docentes horistas exige-lhes disponibilidade e mobilização total para o desempenho das atividades laborais, requerendo dedicação em tempo integral. Os estilos de trabalho produzem estilo de vida e sugerem que a vida está sendo convertida em trabalho nos dias de hoje, tanto pela intensificação do trabalho, como pelo prolongamento da jornada. Palavras-chave: AbstractThe present study sought to establish the lifestyles that arise from the use of time that permeates information and communication technologies, within the context of immaterial labor. This qualitative study included 18 professors from private higher education institutions hourly paid. Data were collected through individual semi-structured interviews focused on the use of information and communication technologies, and in immaterial labor, considering working and nonworking time. The results were in accordance with the literature, particularly Gorz (2005), Lazzarato and Negri (2001), Bauman (2008b), Giddens (2002 and Deleuze (1998). They showed that, in the context of immaterial labor, lifestyles are the result of different ways of working and the use of information and communication technologies. They are imposed on individuals who take them as a perspective of an existential consumer strategy. Though under contract for a given number of hours, the work of the hourly paid professors requires their full availability and mobilization to the Artigo recebido em 8 de janeiro de 2014 e aceito para avaliação em 2 de outubro de 2014.

Aspectos críticos do teletrabalho em uma companhia multinacional

“…Information technology and other new technologies have broadened non-material work, taking advantage of the worker's abilities and mechanisms to control them (GRISCI and CARDOSO, 2014). These aspects have been verified in the present study, and the discourses related to telework need to be analyzed from various points of view, considering organizational arguments in terms of the development of professional skills remotely and the consequences of this form of work for young teleworkers.…”

“…Organizational rationales argue that the teleworker must be autonomous, disciplined, reliable and proactive, among other aspects that keep employees subject to company demands (COSTA, 2013) through the following process: once they are named by the organization as people with distinct skills and abilities, and thus have been differentiated from other workers at the institution, teleworkers end up being dominated by this positioning of the organization beyond the workday, which makes them more likely to dedicate even more time to work to merit the confidence placed in them by the organization (COSTA, 2013;GRISCI and CARDOSO, 2014).…”

“…From the worker's point of view, we can initially consider telework to be capable of offering a specific group of benefits: the saving of financial resources (mainly fuel), flexibility in the location and time of work, as well as time savings and relative autonomy, which are factors which can contribute to a more comfortable and motivating work climate (PÉREZ, SÁNCHEZ and CARNICER, 2007;LENUZZA, 2007;SERRA, 2010;GRISCI and CARDOSO, 2014). Barros and Silva (2010), however, show that saving financial resources is not always satisfactory: even if the worker does not spend money to travel to work, there will be costs associated with work materials, such as furniture that provides the ergonomic conditions for work, various materials, electricity, etc.…”

“…This type of multifunctionality not only harms the quality of the service requested by superiors, it also contributes to work overload in meeting the demands of scheduled activities (COSTA, 2013;GRISCI and CARDOSO, 2014).…”

“…Thus the statements of these interviewees confirm the views of Rodrigues (2011), since telework can force the worker to work longer, even without extra remuneration. In this sense, the maximum is extracted in terms of the capacity of teleworkers to work even outside of normal working hours (GRISCI and CARDOSO, 2014).…”