Nutritional status of elderly assisted in primary care and their relationship with social determinants of health

Abstract

Objective To review the influence of social determinants of health in the nutritional status of the elderly assisted in a primary care Unit in a Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil, community. Methods This was a cross-sectional study with an analytical approach. The universe was composed of 129 elderly attending a family health unit in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. The data were collected according to a protocol. The effect of the association of independent variables with the body mass index was estimated using hierarchical logistic regression models, simple and multiple multinomial. The significance level was set at 5%. Results There was a higher percentage of elderly people with excess weight (52.34%) in the assessment of body mass index. On analysis of the Mini nutritional assessment, the risk of malnutrition was 38.76%. On analysis of the calf circumference 13.39% of the elderly were malnourished. In the final model, the criteria for maintaining the elderly patients were the following: excess weight, marital status, hypertension, osteoarthritis and sewer destination. Elderly widowers had a higher chance (OR=5.17) of having excess weight and not to have sewage network serving their home and be hypertense (OR=2.71 e 2.83). The fact that the elderly have osteoarthritis also indicated a greater chance (OR=3.76) that they present excess weight. Conclusion Among the social determinants of health, the nutritional status of the elderly was associated with marital status, high blood pressure, osteoarthritis and basic sanitation. The social setting of the elderly is associated with their nutritional status.

Factors associated with nutritional risk and appetite loss in long-aged older people

“…Malnutrition is a complex and multidimensional problem, in which several determinants (psychosocial health, physical state, lifestyle, and eating habits) interact with each other [9,29]. In this study, malnutrition, the risk of malnutrition, and weight and appetite loss in long-lived older people were associated with several health factors.…”

“…A systematic review and meta-analysis with 240 studies with older adults using the MNA identified that the prevalence varies according to the setting, from 3.1% in the community to 29.4% in rehabilitation services and subacute care facilities for malnutrition; and from 26.5% in the community to 49% in long-term care facilities for the risk of malnutrition [15]. In Brazil, studies show a prevalence of 45.3% for risk of malnutrition and 3.1% for malnutrition; 28.3% and 38.76% for risk of malnutrition [9,30,31]. In Italy, 34.2% were at risk and 14.8% malnourished [32].…”

“…The prevalence of malnutrition among older adult ranges from 2% to 60%, being influenced by factors like the place of residence, age, and social situation of the individuals [9]. In Brazil, in 2019, according to data obtained from the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System, 12.2% of the older population was underweight, considering only the BMI [10].…”

Análise do perfil nutricional, consumo alimentar e ingestão de cálcio, ferro e sódio em idosos residentes de comunidades nos municípios do Rio de Janeiro e Baixada Fluminense

“…Os problemas de saúde mais comuns incluíram Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica (HAS), relatada por 72% dos participantes, seguida por Diabetes Mellitus (DM), presente em 29% dos casos, e Dislipidemia, observada em 37% da amostra. Estudos anteriores corroboram essa alta prevalência, como o de Bandeira; Moreira; Silva (2019), que identificaram a presença de HAS em 98% e DM em 34% dos idosos em uma Clínica da Família em Recife (Bandeira;Moreira;Silva, 2019). Resultados semelhantes foram encontrados por Barroso et al (2020), que verificou adequação da ingestão de macronutrientes e micronutrientes e o estado nutricional de idosos frequentadores do centro de atenção à saúde do idoso e cuidador da UFF, com uma prevalência de 76% de HAS, 38% de DM e 29,5% de Dislipidemia em sua pesquisa (Barroso et al, 2020).…”

“…A renda é o principal fator que interfere no acesso e obtenção de alimentos (Bandeira;Moreira;Silva, 2019;Geib, 2012), os resultados demonstram que idosos com menor renda possui reduzido poder de compra de alimentos com elevado custo como frutas, verduras, legumes e laticínios. Os nutrientes encontrados nos grupos alimentares desempenham papéis fundamentais na manutenção da saúde e no funcionamento adequado do corpo humano.…”