Effects of grape seed extract on periodontal disease: an experimental study in rats

Abstract

Natural compounds capable of modulating the host response have received considerable attention, and herbal products are suggested as adjunctive agents in periodontal disease treatment. Objective This study aimed to demonstrate the effect of grape seed extract (GSE) on periodontitis.Material and Methods Ligature induced periodontitis was created in 40 rats and they were assigned to four equal groups. One group was fed laboratory diet (group A) while three groups received GSE additionally. Silk ligatures were placed around the cervical area of the mandibular first molars for four weeks to induce periodontitis. The GSE groups were reallocated regarding GSE consumption as: for two weeks before ligation (group B; totally eight weeks), from ligation to two weeks after removal of the ligature (group C; totally six weeks), and for two weeks from ligature removal (group D; totally two weeks). Sections were assessed histologically and immunohistochemically. Inflammatory cell number (ICN), connective tissue attachment level (CAL), osteoclast density (OD), IL-10 and TGF-β stainings in gingival epithelium (GE), connective tissue (GC), and periodontal ligament (PL) were used as the study parameters.Results Lower ICN, higher CAL, and lower OD were observed in the GSE groups (p<0.05). IL-10 was more intensive in the GSE groups and in the GEs (p<0.05). Group B showed the highest IL-10 for PL (p<0.05). TGF-ß was higher in the GEs of all groups (p<0.017).Conclusions The results suggest anti-inflammatory activities of GSE, but further investigations are needed for clarification of these activities.

Effect of grape components on periodontal disease.

“…Antiinflammatory cytokines are part of a feedback protective mechanism in humans and animals that try and resolve the inflammation initiated by pro-inflammatory cytokines which was clearly indicated by TGF-b levels in group 4 mice. We were of the opinion that the grape powder might elicit intense protective mechanism in response to inflammation which was also highlighted by previous research (Özden, Sakallioğlu et al 2017). However, our data did not reflect that.…”

Research Advances in the Use of Bioactive Compounds from Vitis vinifera By-Products in Oral Care

“…The dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity observed was explained through different mechanisms: the suppression of inflammatory cytokine production, namely IL-1β and TNF-α, the inhibition of lipid peroxidation and production of Prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) and nitric oxide (NO). Similarly, in the study conducted by Özden [ 141 ], the interference of GSE in the inflammatory process from the periodontal tissues was investigated through histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses. The histomorphometric parameters showed a lower degree of inflammation as well as the improvement of connective tissue level and bone healing [ 141 ].…”

“…Similarly, in the study conducted by Özden [ 141 ], the interference of GSE in the inflammatory process from the periodontal tissues was investigated through histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses. The histomorphometric parameters showed a lower degree of inflammation as well as the improvement of connective tissue level and bone healing [ 141 ]. In line with the reports of the proanthocyanidins from V. vinifera , proanthocyanidins from cranberries have been shown to be effective in treating periodontitis by inhibition of: (1) the biofilm formation by P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum ; (2) the adhesion of P. gingivalis to different proteins; (3) the growth of P. gingivalis , Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia in periodontal pockets; (4) the production of proinflammatory cytokines; (5) the production of MMPs [ 142 ].…”

Investigation of the effect of astaxanthin on alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis

“…In this formula, i, shows the staining intensity score and Pi, shows the percentage of the stained cells. [17][18][19]…”