VEGF expression may be related more to the healing stage of periodontal disease than to the destruction stage of the lesion.

It has been demonstrated that diabetes mellitus (DM) may have an inductive effect on the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels of periodontium during periodontal disease. The aim of this study is to confirm this phenomenon, investigating whether it is also valid for diabetic periodontitis patients under good metabolic control. Sixteen type II DM patients, all with a glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) value less than 7 (test), and 15 systemically healthy (control) chronic periodontitis patients were included in the study. The VEGF concentrations in the gingival supernatants and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples of the study groups were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The data were analyzed by Student's t test in statistical means. The VEGF levels were significantly higher in the gingival supernatants of the test group (55.89 +/- 8.11 pg/ml) than that of the control group (24.81 +/- 2.04 pg/ml; p < 0.01). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the VEGF levels of GCF between the study groups (38.96 +/- 4.89 pg/ml in the test and 32.20 +/- 4.02 pg/ml in the control group; p > 0.05). Our study confirms that DM affects the VEGF levels of periodontal soft tissues in periodontal disease, and our results also suggest that this effect may not be influenced by the metabolic control of DM.

Obesity may influence periodontal tissue destruction and disease severity by increasing the level of oxidative stress in the presence of periodontal disease.

The results of this study suggest that increased VEGF expression may be associated with the pathogenesis of CsA-induced gingival overgrowth.

The study findings suggest that the observed increases in gingival crevicular fluid IL-8 levels and decreases in gingival crevicular fluid LxA4 levels reflect changes in immune and inflammatory responses that occur as a result of smoking.

The objectives of this study were to investigate and compare the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels of gingival tissues in diabetes mellitus (DM) and periodontitis and to reveal the effects of MCP-1 on periodontal inflammation and destruction in these diseases. DM was created in 15 rats (group 1) by streptozotocin injection, and periodontitis was obtained by ligature induction in 15 rats (group 2). Fifteen systemically and periodontally healthy rats were used as control (group 3). Gingival MCP-1 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Periodontal inflammation was quantified by the inflammatory cell infiltration in the gingival samples, whereas periodontal destruction was assessed by the alveolar bone loss in the experimental regions. MCP-1 concentrations were higher in groups 1 and 2 than in group 3 (p < 0.001). Increased gingival inflammatory cell infiltration and alveolar bone loss were observed in groups 1 and 2 compared to group 3 (p < 0.001). There were positive correlations among the MCP-1 level, gingival inflammatory cell infiltration, and alveolar bone loss in groups 1 and 2 (p < 0.001). Our results suggest that (1) DM may lead to enhanced MCP-1 production in periodontal tissues likewise for periodontitis and (2) there may be a positive correlation between the MCP-1 concentration and diseased nature of periodontium in both diseases.

No abstract

Natural compounds capable of modulating the host response have received considerable attention, and herbal products are suggested as adjunctive agents in periodontal disease treatment. Objective This study aimed to demonstrate the effect of grape seed extract (GSE) on periodontitis.Material and Methods Ligature induced periodontitis was created in 40 rats and they were assigned to four equal groups. One group was fed laboratory diet (group A) while three groups received GSE additionally. Silk ligatures were placed around the cervical area of the mandibular first molars for four weeks to induce periodontitis. The GSE groups were reallocated regarding GSE consumption as: for two weeks before ligation (group B; totally eight weeks), from ligation to two weeks after removal of the ligature (group C; totally six weeks), and for two weeks from ligature removal (group D; totally two weeks). Sections were assessed histologically and immunohistochemically. Inflammatory cell number (ICN), connective tissue attachment level (CAL), osteoclast density (OD), IL-10 and TGF-β stainings in gingival epithelium (GE), connective tissue (GC), and periodontal ligament (PL) were used as the study parameters.Results Lower ICN, higher CAL, and lower OD were observed in the GSE groups (p<0.05). IL-10 was more intensive in the GSE groups and in the GEs (p<0.05). Group B showed the highest IL-10 for PL (p<0.05). TGF-ß was higher in the GEs of all groups (p<0.017).Conclusions The results suggest anti-inflammatory activities of GSE, but further investigations are needed for clarification of these activities.