Effectiveness of plant-derived proanthocyanidins on demineralization on enamel and dentin under artificial cariogenic challenge

Abstract

Dental caries is considered a disease of high prevalence and a constant problem in public health. Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are substances that have been the target of recent studies aiming to control or treat caries. Objective The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the efficacy of a treatment with grape seed extract, under cariogenic challenge, to minimize or even prevent the onset of caries in the enamel and dentin.Material and Methods Blocks of enamel and dentin (6.0x6.0 mm) were obtained from bovine central incisors, polished, and selected by analysis of surface microhardness (SH). The blocks were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=15), according to the following treatments: GC (control), GSE (grape seed extract), GF (fluoride – 1,000 ppm). The blocks were subjected to 6 daily pH cycles for 8 days. Within the daily cycling, the specimens were stored in buffered solution. The blocks were then analyzed for perpendicular and surface hardness and polarized light microscopy.Results The means were subjected to statistical analysis using the ANOVA and Fisher’s PLSD tests (p<0.05). For enamel SH, GF showed the highest hardness values. In the dentin, GF was also the one that showed higher hardness values, followed by GSE. Regarding the cross-sectional hardness values, all groups behaved similarly in both the enamel and dentin. The samples that were treated with GSE and fluoride (GF) showed statistically higher values than the control.Conclusion Based on the data obtained in this in vitro study, it is suggested that grape seed extract inhibits demineralization of artificial carious lesions in both the enamel and dentin, but in a different scale in each structure and in a smaller scale when compared to fluoride.

Two-in-one strategy: a remineralizing and anti-adhesive coating against demineralized enamel

“…The polished specimens were ultrasonicated (FS20, Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA, USA) for 10 min to remove the smear layer. The original surface micro-hardness (Vickers hardness, HV) was measured using a Vickers hardness tester (MMT-X7A, Matsuzawa, Japan) with a diamond indenter under a 50 gf load for 10 s. 56 Each sample was given five indentations, and the average value was calculated. Enamel samples with baseline surface micro-hardness of more than 300 were included in the following steps.…”

Grape Seed Extract and Dentin Remineralization

“…Between the treatment and pH cycling, the specimens were washed thoroughly with distilled water. Between the daily cycling, the specimens were stored in the artificial saliva at 37°C (19) .…”

Comparative Evaluation of Two Antioxidants on Reversing the Immediate Bond Strength of Bleached Enamel: In Vitro Study

“…However, sometimes, cases are too urgent to wait for their teeth restoration [23]. In order to prevent the delay of recovery treatment after bleaching, various antioxidant agents, including sodium ascorbate (SA) [16,21,27], proanthocyanidins (PC) [28,29], green tea extract [4,5,7,13,16], pine bark extract [30], aloe extract [5,16], and grape seed extract [16,31], have been attempted, among which, SA and PC have shown promising results [4,5,14,28,29]. Nevertheless, the results of antioxidants with different types and durations are quite different [4,5,[8][9][10]32,33].…”