Tooth enamel is prone to be attacked by injurious factors, leading to a de/remineralization imbalance. To repair demineralized enamel and prevent pulp inflammation caused by biofilm accumulation, measures are needed to promote remineralization and inhibit bacterial adhesion on the tooth surface. An innovative material, poly (aspartic acid)-polyethylene glycol (PASP-PEG), was designed and synthesized to construct a mineralizing and anti-adhesive surface that could be applied to repair demineralized enamel. A cytotoxicity assay revealed the low cytotoxicity of synthesized PASP-PEG. Adsorption results demonstrated that PASP-PEG possesses a high binding affinity to the hydroxyapatite (HA)/tooth surface. In vitro experiments and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated a strong capacity of PASP-PEG to induce in situ remineralization and direct the oriented growth of apatite nanocrystals. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and Vickers hardness tests demonstrated that minerals induced by PASP-PEG were consistent with healthy enamel in Ca/P ratio, crystal form and surface micro-hardness. Contact angle tests and bacterial adhesion experiments demonstrated that PASP-PEG yielded a strong anti-adhesive effect. In summary, PASP-PEG could achieve dual effects for enamel repair and anti-adhesion of bacteria, thereby widening its application in enamel repair.

Dental caries is a biofilm-induced bacterial infectious oral disease , where the early attachment of proteins and pathogenic bacteria to tooth surfaces has been known as the main cause of...

IntroductionKnee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a frequent degenerative condition. Patients with KOA have employed mind-body therapies frequently, and their efficacy has been established. The main purpose of our study is to compare the effects of different mind-body therapies on patients with KOA.Material and methodsOnly randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were gathered through searches in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, EBSCO, Web of Science, Medline, and Embase to investigate the effects of various mind-body therapies on effect in KOA patients. The Cochrane bias risk assessment tool was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies, and the data analysis program was then used to analyze the data in accordance.ResultsThe study used an overall sample size of 859 from a total of 17 RCTs. In addition, a total of 13 different mind-body therapies were included in our study. According to the network meta-findings, analysis's patients' scores on the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) can be significantly improved by Baduanjin (SUCRA:98.3%), the Time Up and Go (TUG) Test can be significantly decreased by balance training (SUCRA:99.4%), the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey questionnaire's mental health component can be significantly improved by MBSR (SUCRA:87.9%), and balance training can significantly improve patients’ physical health component of SF-36 (SUCRA:90.3%).ConclusionsAccording to the Network's Ranking Plot, Bajuanjin or Balance Training and MBSR can offer patients with KOA higher benefits for motor function or quality of life than other mind-body therapies. The medical staff can choose different mind-body therapies according to the patient's actual condition.