Biocompatibility and setting time of CPM-MTA and white Portland cement clinker with or without calcium sulfate

Abstract

Objective:To evaluate the biocompatibility and the setting time of Portland cement clinker with or without 2% or 5% calcium sulfate and MTA-CPM.Material and Methods:Twenty-four mice (Rattus norvegicus) received subcutaneously polyethylene tubes filled with Portland cement clinker with or without 2% or 5% calcium sulfate and MTA. After 15, 30 and 60 days of implantation, the animals were killed and specimens were prepared for microscopic analysis. For evaluation of the setting time, each material was analyzed using Gilmore needles weighing 113.5 g and 456.5 g, according to the ASTM specification Number C266-08 guideline. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test for setting time and Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn test for biocompatibility at 5% significance level.Results:Histologic observation showed no statistically significant difference of biocompatibility (p>0.05) among the materials in the subcutaneous tissues. For the setting time, clinker without calcium sulfate showed the shortest initial and final setting times (6.18 s/21.48 s), followed by clinker with 2% calcium sulfate (9.22 s/25.33 s), clinker with 5% calcium sulfate (10.06 s/42.46 s) and MTA (15.01 s/42.46 s).Conclusions:All the tested materials showed biocompatibility and the calcium sulfate absence shortened the initial and final setting times of the white Portland cement clinker.

Chemical and morphological characteristics of mineral trioxide aggregate and Portland cements

“…Al-Hiyasat et al, investigated fibroblast attachment to six different endodontic materials as measure of their biocompatibility and reported best cellular response and attachment to MTA 23) . Due to similarity of chemical composition and physical properties between MTA and PC, similar tissue response to both materials was reported by Bramante et al, after their subcutaneous implantation in mice for 15, 30 and 60 days 24) . Moreover, color of naturally occurring minerals is affected by the presence of chromophores like Fe, Ni, Co, Cr, Mn, Ti and Cu.…”

“…The released Ca reacts with carbon dioxide to form calcium carbonate that act as nuclei of crystallization and promotes mineralization. Moreover, higher pH of MTA makes the surrounding environment inhospitable for growth of bacteria 24) . Phase analysis of CEM 2 revealed small quantities of dicalcium silicate and bismuth oxide silicate along with tricalcium silicate.…”

Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of calcium silicate-based cements on an osteoblast lineage

“…However, the addition of composites in cements may interfere and harm their biological properties and bioactivity. 13 The immortalized osteoblast cell lineage was used in this study, because of its reproducibility capabilities, and because its relationship with the bone repair process in tissues 25,26 makes it ideal for vitro assays researching new endodontic and retrofilling materials. Modareszadeh et al 27 evaluated , and reported the importance of these cells in the mineralization and repair process.…”

“…The addition of 2% and 5% calcium chloride to Portland cement has promoted better setting times, and a biocompatibility similar to that of MTA. 13 A newly proposal material called calcium silicate-gelatin cement has presented a better setting time, work time and flow than MTA ProRoot. This material has also provided suitable results in regard to proliferation and differentiation of dental pulp cells.…”

Mineral Trioxide Aggregate: A review of clinical usage and investigations of the effects of modifying particle size

“…140,350 There are minor variations in composition among MTA cements, such as the inclusion in some products of calcium chloride, calcium carbonate, silicon dioxide, or the removal of calcium sulphate, all of which accelerate the setting of PC. [351][352][353] Rheologic modifiers serve to improve the flow and handling characteristics of MTA. However, their compositions have not been divulged to the authors because they are proprietary.…”