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Although Quantec SC instruments took less time, hand instruments and solvent cleaned canals more effectively.

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The ratio of powder/water significantly interfered with the physical and chemical properties of white MTA Angelus.

Although Sealapex displayed deeper penetration into the dentinal tubules there was no difference in the percentage of adaptation to the root canal walls among the 3 sealers evaluated.

Within the tooth population studied, accuracy of identifying mesial root canal configuration was influenced greatly by the evaluation method and the type of anatomy. Detection of type I configurations in cleared teeth was significantly lower, whilst type II configurations were detected in all specimens by both methods. In mesial roots with variable anatomical configurations, neither CBCT nor clearing methods were accurate for detecting the actual root canal anatomy.

None of the instrumentation methods were able to completely remove root filling material. Ultrasonic activation improved the removal of root filling material in all groups.