Papillomaviruses: a systematic review

Araldi, Rodrigo Pinheiro; Assaf, Suely Muro Reis; Carvalho, Rogério Falleiros; Carvalho, Márcio Augusto Caldas Rocha; Souza, Jacqueline Mazzuchelli de; Magnelli, Roberta Fiusa; Módolo, Diego Grando; Roperto, F.; Stocco, Rita de Cássia; Beçak, Willy

doi:10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2016-0128

Cited by 65 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 247 publications

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“…ese clinical presentations are in agreement with the previous observations reported by another researcher [20]. Moreover, Araldi [2] found that papillomatosis might be a severe problem of cattle herds if a large number (20-25%) of young cattle were infected [8]. e results of this study showed the detection of papillomatosis between a male calf presented with multiple body lesions and two females.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Moreover, malnutrition, hormonal imbalances, artificial insemination, long-term exposure to sunlight accompanied with immunodeficiency, and contaminated utensils such as milk machines and syringes are all factors that play an important role in the occurrence of the disease [7]. Clinical lesions appearing on the skin are a very important indicator for primary diagnosis that needs to be supported by histopathological features and electron microscopy investigation [8]. A large number of publications reported polymerase chain reaction as a necessary tool in the diagnosis of bovine papilloma using consensus primers (FAP59/FAP64 and My09/MY11), which was designed based on human papillomavirus genome encoded in L1, L2, E6, and E7 structural proteins [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinico-Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Study of Ruminant’s Cutaneous Papillomavirus in Iraq

Al-Salihi

Al-Dabhawi

Ajeel

et al. 2020

Veterinary Medicine International

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e papilloma viruses are constituted of double-stranded DNA and are a more common lesion in ruminant's skin in Iraq. e p53 tumor suppressor protein reveals an essential role in cell cycle control. is study intends to investigate the clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical features of cutaneous papilloma in ruminants in Iraq. Samples had been collected from a total of 10 animals (three cattle, three goats, and four sheep) with multiple papillomatosis lesions. e samples were processed for histopathological and immunohistochemical techniques. Clinically, the lesions appeared as multiple various sizes (0.5-11 cm), cauliflower exophytic masses on different parts of the animal's body. e histopathological features of the epidermis granular layer revealed perinuclear vacuolation (koilocytosis) accompanied by various degrees of hypergranulosis, hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, orthokeratosis, and parakeratosis. Strong positive reaction for papillomavirus antigen was seen in both epidermal basal and granular layers in the immunohistochemical investigation (IHC). Moreover, all papilloma lesions revealed an intense positive p53 reaction in cytoplasmic and perinuclear of the basal and parabasal layers. In conclusion, this study described the papillomavirus lesions in bovine, ovine, and caprine animals, which were found in different parts areas of the affected animals. All lesions show similar histopathological features with minor variations. PV antigen and p53 protein expression showed positive results in immunohistochemistry that can be used as diagnostic markers for ruminant's papilloma.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinico-Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Study of Ruminant’s Cutaneous Papillomavirus in Iraq

Al-Salihi

Al-Dabhawi

Ajeel

et al. 2020

Veterinary Medicine International

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“…HPV E6 and E7 were shown to increase independently the induction of HIF-1α [65] or to interfere with HIF-1α degradation, leading to the inactivation of proteasomal degradation and to HIF-1α stabilization [39,72,73]. Moreover, built upon these evidences, and in light of the common biological functions of papillomavirus oncogenes [74], we may speculate that BPV oncoproteins could play a relevant role in regulation of HIF-1α pathway, contributing, at least in part, to the development of equine sarcoids by promoting HIF1α/VEGF mediated tumor angiogenesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Evaluation of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 Alpha (HIF-1α) in Equine Sarcoid: An Immunohistochemical and Biochemical Study

et al. 2020

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Background: equine sarcoids are the most frequent skin tumors in equidae worldwide. It is well known that delta bovine papillomaviruses are their causative agents. We have recently shown the presence in equine sarcoids of abnormal vessel structures, which could cause a hypoxic condition. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) in a subset of BPV positive equine sarcoids and explore the relationship with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. Results: 80% of equine sarcoids showed strong cytoplasmic staining in >60% of neoplastic fibroblasts, while 20% of samples showed a moderate cytoplasmic staining in 40–60% of neoplastic fibroblasts for HIF-1α. Results of Western blotting (WB) were consistent with immunohistochemistry (IHC). Moreover, a positive correlation between HIF-1α and VEGF expression (r = 0.60, p < 0.01) was observed. Conclusion: we have shown that HIF-1α was strongly expressed in equine sarcoid. The upregulation of HIF-1α has been described in numerous tumors and can be modulated by many proteins encoded by transforming viruses. Thus, it is also possible that BPV could have a relevant role in HIF-1α pathway regulation, contributing to the development of equine sarcoids by promoting HIF-1α/VEGF mediated tumor angiogenesis.

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“…Thereby AhR-E2F1-KGFR signaling is actively involved in epithelial cell proliferation and early carcinogenesis. However, papilloma viruses are not just important for the development of human cancer but also a problem in veterinary medicine including for canines, felines and bovine species [49].…”

Section: Keratinasementioning

confidence: 99%

Undervalued ubiquitous proteins

Brücher

Jamall

2019

4open

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The role of ubiquitous proteins (UPs) and their corresponding enzymes have been underestimated in carcinogenesis as the focus of much research revolved around measuring mutations and/or other genetic epiphenomena as surrogate markers of cancer and cancer progression. Over the past three decades, the scientific community has come to realize that the concentration on microdissection of cancer cells without accounting for the neighborhood in which these cells reside, i.e., the stroma, fails to reflect the true nature of cancer biology. UPs are fundamental for cellular homeostasis and phylogenetic development as well as for the integrity of the cytoskeleton and for the stability of cells and tissues in regards to intercellular signaling, cell shape and mobility, apoptosis, wound healing, and cell polarity. Corresponding enzymes are used by microorganisms to gain entry into the host by degradation of UPs and play a role to cleave peptide bonds for killing disease-causing life forms along for the creation of the precancerous niche (PCN) during carcinogenesis, cancer invasion, and in metastasis. The language used by such proteins as well as their complementary enzymes with its influence on multiple pathways and the cross-linked extracellular matrix is incompletely understood. The role of UPs in the disruption of signaling homeostasis and resulting interference with crosstalk in carcinogenesis appears sufficiently delineated to warrant a much more refined examination of their qualitative and quantitative contribution to the development of cancer and cancer therapy.

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Papillomaviruses: a systematic review

Cited by 65 publications

References 247 publications

Clinico-Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Study of Ruminant’s Cutaneous Papillomavirus in Iraq

Clinico-Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Study of Ruminant’s Cutaneous Papillomavirus in Iraq

Evaluation of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 Alpha (HIF-1α) in Equine Sarcoid: An Immunohistochemical and Biochemical Study

Undervalued ubiquitous proteins

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