Antioxidant responses of wheat plants under stress

Abstract

Currently, food security depends on the increased production of cereals such as wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), which is an important source of calories and protein for humans. However, cells of the crop have suffered from the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can cause severe oxidative damage to the plants, due to environmental stresses. ROS are toxic molecules found in various subcellular compartments. The equilibrium between the production and detoxification of ROS is sustained by enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants. In the present review, we offer a brief summary of antioxidant defense and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) signaling in wheat plants. Wheat plants increase antioxidant defense mechanisms under abiotic stresses, such as drought, cold, heat, salinity and UV-B radiation, to alleviate oxidative damage. Moreover, H2O2 signaling is an important factor contributing to stress tolerance in cereals.

UPLC‐HRMS‐based untargeted metabolic profiling reveals changes in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) metabolome following long‐term drought stress

“…The ROS molecules are found in various subcellular compartments. The stability among the creation and reclamation of ROS is influenced by enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (Caverzan, Casassola, & Brammer, ). Both verities showed increased level of ROS enzymes; however, the tolerant variety demonstrated a higher level than the sensitive variety.…”

“…The ROS molecules are found in various subcellular compartments. The stability among the creation and reclamation of ROS is influenced by enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (Caverzan, Casassola, & Brammer, 2016 In order to understand changes in metabolites in chickpea under the drought condition, we carried out a metabolomic profiling analysis in two different chickpea varieties (drought sensitive and tolerant) as levels of metabolite accumulation during stress at different growth stages can provide more specific and accurate indication of stress tolerance. This is the first report on chickpea to demonstrate comprehensive differences in metabolic profiling in tolerant and sensitive chickpea varieties over an extended period of drought condition.…”

Response of ROS-Scavenging Systems to Salinity Stress in Two Different Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars

“…ROS generated by abiotic stresses such as salinity must be scavenged for security of essential macromolecules from destructive effects of ROS and maintenance of normal growth (Caverzan et al, 2016;Kaur and Zhawar, 2016). Superoxide dismutase (SOD: EC 1.15.1.1) is the primary scavenger, which localized in chloroplasts, mitochondria, peroxisomes and cytosol.…”

The Plant Natural Products: Their Antioxidants, Free Radical Scavengers, DNA Protection and Antimicrobial Activities

“…The enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), mono dehydro ascorbate reductase (MDHAR), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), guaiacol peroxidase (POX) peroxiredoxins (Prxs), ascorbate peroxidase, (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) are well known enzymes that are present in Plasma and can transform ROS into stable compounds [32,65]. For example, Catalase is among the antioxidant enzymes that are very specific to catalyze the dismutation of two molecules of H 2 O 2 into water and oxygen.…”

“…For example, Catalase is among the antioxidant enzymes that are very specific to catalyze the dismutation of two molecules of H 2 O 2 into water and oxygen. Moreover, Ascorbate peroxidases catalyze the conversion of H 2 O 2 into H 2 O and use ascorbate as a specific electron donor [65]. Plants contain several types of H 2 O 2 -degrading enzymes and these enzymes are unique as they do not require cellular reducing equivalent [18].…”