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Microwave solvent‐free technique was employed to the synthesis of series of 2‐(1H‐perimidin‐2(3H)‐ylidene) derivatives, 4‐(1H‐perimidin‐2‐yl)‐1H‐pyrazole‐3‐carboxamides, pyrrolo[1,2‐a]perimidin‐10‐ones, and 8H‐[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a]perimidine. Compared with conventional method, the obvious feature of microwave method is higher in chemical yield, faster reaction rate, and cleaner reaction condition. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed based on their elemental analyses and spectroscopic data (FT‐IR, 1H‐NMR, 19F‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and LC‐MS/MS). Some of the synthesized compounds exhibit anticancer potential against the growth of both the human breast (MCF‐7) and the liver carcinoma (HepG2) tumor cells. The most active cytotoxic perimidine derivatives were docked against topoisomerase II to investigate their binding and DNA intercalating activity against the protein crystal structure.

Two series of novel 3-cyano-2-(2 ″ ,3 ″ ,4 ″ -tri-Oacetyl-β -d -arabinopyranosyloxy)pyridones 5a -h and 9a,b were synthesized. Microwave irradiation has been used to obtain these products in high yield under milder conditions by the reaction of 2(1 H )-pyridone or its salt with an activated arabinose. The silyl method was used to obtain the same nucleosides 5a -h and 9a,b . Triethylamine was used to remove the acetyl protecting groups from the sugar moiety and to produce the free nucleosides 6a -h and 10a,b in 85 -91% yield.

Two series of novel 3-cyano-2-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyloxo) pyridines and 3-cyano-2-(2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl-β-D-ribofuranosyloxy)-4-trifluromethyl-6-phenyl pyridine were synthesized using efficient microwave methods. The targeted compounds were obtained in high yields by reacting 2-(1H)-pyridone or its salt with activated sugars using SiO₂ under solvent-free conditions. Ammonolysis of the resulted acetylated nucleosides produced 3-cyano-2-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxo)-pyridines and 3-cyano-2-(β-D-ribofuranosyloxy)-4-trifluoromethyl-6-phenyl pyridine. These new products were fully characterized using 1D and 2D NMR. These compounds were screened for their antibacterial activities against G(+) and G(-) bacteria and some found to exhibit better antibacterial activities than the control drug.

Abstract:A green protocol has been applied to synthesize a novel series of 3-cyano-2-(tri-O-acetyl-β-D-arabinopyranosylthio)pyridines in a short reaction time, in higher yields and with simpler operations, when compared with the conventional heating method. Deacetylation of the obtained acetylated arabinosides produced 2-(β-D-arabinopyranosylthio)-3-cyanopyridines. The structures of the obtained products were confirmed on the basis of spectroscopic data (FT-IR, 1D, 2D-NMR). The synthesized compounds were screened for the antimicrobial activity against a selection of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria.

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Two series of novel 5-arylazo-3-cyano-2-(2″,3″,4″,6″-tetra-O-acetyl-β-d-galacto pyranosyloxy) pyridines and 3-cyano-2-(2″,3″,4″,6″-tetra-O-acetyl-β-d-galactopyranosyloxy) pyridines were synthesized in high yields utilizing a microwave-assisted synthesis tool guided by the principles of green chemistry. The chemical structures of the new substances were confirmed on the basis of their elemental analysis and spectroscopic data (FT-IR, 1D, 2D-NMR). Activity against different bacterial strains was studied. The anticancer potential of the new compounds is also discussed. Molecular docking was used as a tool in this research work to get better insight into the possible interactions, affinities, and expected modes of binding of the most promising derivatives of the potential chemotherapeutic target (DHFR).

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