Componentes de produção e morfologia de raízes de mandioca sob diferentes preparos do solo

Abstract

ResumoCom o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de cultivo mínimo, plantio convencional e plantio direto sobre os componentes de produção e a morfologia das raízes tuberosas de mandioca da cultivar de mesa IAC 576-70, conduziu-se este experimento a campo em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com parcelas subdivididas com seis repetições. Os preparos do solo, cultivo mínimo, preparo convencional e plantio direto, foram consideradas as parcelas e as épocas de avaliação, em dias após o plantio, foram consideras as subparcelas. Neste experimento foram avaliados o número, comprimento, diâmetro, massas fresca e seca, teor de massa seca e as características morfológicas das raízes de mandioca em diferentes épocas de avaliação. A partir dos resultados dessas avaliações foi possível concluir que o preparo de solo influencia no diâmetro das raízes, nas massas fresca e seca no início das fases de repouso fisiológico e retomada do novo período vegetativo; que o preparo de solo não influencia a definição cronológica dos componentes de produção nem a morfologia de raízes de mandioca; e que os componentes da produção de raízes são definidos no tempo na seguinte ordem: número de raízes, comprimento, diâmetro, teor de massa seca, massas fresca e seca.Palavras-chave: Manihot esculenta, mandioca de mesa, plantio convencional, cultivo mínimo e plantio direto. Yield components and morphology of cassava roots under different tillage AbstractIn order to evaluate the effect of minimum tillage, conventional tillage and no-tillage on yield components and the morphology of roots of sweet cassava cv. IAC 576-70 was conducted a field experiment in randomized blocks design with split plot with six replications. The different tillages: minimum tillage, conventional tillage and no-tillage plots were considered the plots and the evaluation time, in days after planting, were considered the subplots. In this experiment were mensured the number, length, diameter, fresh and dry weight, dry matter content and morphological characteristics of cassava roots at different sampling times. From the results of these assessments it was concluded that the soil tillage influence root diameter, fresh and dry weight, in the early dormancy phase and new period of vegetative growth, the soil tillage did not influence the chronological definition of the yield component as well as the morphology of cassava roots and the yield components of sweet cassava cv. IAC 576-70 are defined in the following order, number of roots, length, diameter, dry matter content, fresh and dry weight.

Effects of tillage options on soil physical properties and cassava-dry-matter partitioning

“…In our study, the water content in the upper soil layers in NT and the high penetration resistance might have induced the superficial development of fibrous roots, at the root system formation phase. This hypothesis can be supported by the earlier falling of the leaves, observed under this treatment at 180 DAP, which may be related to the difference observed in root DM at 210 DAP, and in the other yield components of cassava such as fresh matter and root diameter, as reported by Figueiredo et al (2014).…”

“…The decrease of DM in the tuberous root of those plants under NT was associated with neither tuberous root morphology nor anatomy, as demonstrated by Figueiredo et al (2014) and Figueiredo et al (2015). However, it can be associated with the morphology and physiology of the fibrous roots as affected by porosity and soil resistance penetration, as shown by Hernandez-Ramirez et al (2014).…”

Effect of Harvest Time and Nitrogen Doses on Cassava Root Yield and Quality

“…Root growth continued up to 329 DAE, close to the period established by Conceição (1981), from 6 to 10 months. The average length of 69.2 cm was greater than that reported in the literature Albuquerque et al, 2009;Albuquerque et al, 2012;Figueiredo et al, 2014). This can be attributed to the characteristics of the cultivar, which, due to its smaller diameter, makes up for lower tuberisation by increasing length.…”

“…Usually, the number and length of roots do not constitute production components limiting to yield in cassava, as they can be offset by a growth in diameter. Figueiredo et al (2014) found a close positive correlation between root fresh matter and root diameter, whereas the number of roots explained only 60 % in the IAC 576-70 cultivar.…”

Avaliação Do Desempenho De Uma Plantadora De Mandioca Sob Sistema De Plantio Direto Tracionada Por Trator De Rabiças

“…Esse fato limita consideravelmente a capacidade de produção do pequeno produtor, que tem como única alternativa efetuar o plantio de forma manual. Para Figueiredo et al (2014), é importante que se desenvolvam modelos de plantio de mandioca em sistemas conservacionistas, pois o preparo convencional do solo promove a erosão laminar e perdas de solo. O sistema de plantio direto na palha se mostra como uma alternativa viável à produção de mandioca no Brasil.…”