O FORMATO DAS SEMENTES PODE INFLUENCIAR A PLANTABILIDADE DO MILHO EM DOSADORES PNEUMÁTICOS? JÚLIO CÉSAR SANTOS PEREIRA1, ALDIR CARPES MARQUES FILHO1, GUINTHER HUGO GRUDTNER2, PAULO ROBERTO ARBEX SILVA1 1 Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP/Botucatu, av. Universitária, 3780, Altos do Paraíso, 18610-034, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil - julio.spereira@outlook.com; aldir.marques@gmail.com; paulo.arbex@unesp.br 2 Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, UFSC/Florianópolis, Rod. Admar Gonzaga, 1346, Itacorubi, 88034-000, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil - guinther_grudtner@hotmail.com RESUMO: A cultura do milho (Zea mays L.) apresenta grande importância econômica para o agronegócio brasileiro. As sementes de milho apresentam características distintas em formato e massa específica de acordo com a cultivar e o local de formação da semente na espiga. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a influência do formato de sementes de milho, na qualidade da distribuição longitudinal, com o uso de dosador do tipo pneumático. O presente trabalho foi realizado no Núcleo de Ensaios de Máquinas e Pneus Agroflorestais (NEMPA), pertencente à Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, da Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), no município de Botucatu-SP. Foram utilizadas sementes de três híbridos comerciais de milho, em que se avaliou o formato e índice de esfericidade. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado (DIC), totalizando 15 tratamentos, compostos pelos três híbridos comerciais e cinco pressões de vácuo no dosador. Os resultados demonstraram que o formato de sementes pode influenciar a deposição longitudinal pelo dosador pneumático. Os melhores resultados de deposição de sementes foram obtidos com o híbrido V3, de formato arredondado, estas apresentaram maior índice de espaçamentos aceitáveis, menor ocorrência de falhas e duplas. A pressão de vácuo de 7kPa propiciou 98% de espaçamentos aceitáveis para o híbrido V3. Para os híbridos V1 e V2, as pressões de 4kPa e 3kPa, demonstraram respectivamente 96% e 87% de espaçamentos aceitáveis. Palavras-chave: semeadura, esfericidade, pressão de vácuo, espaçamento. CAN THE SEED FORMAT INFLUENCE THE PLANTABILITY OF MAIZE IN PNEUMATIC DOSERS? ABSTRACT: Corn (Zea mays L.) is of great economic importance for Brazilian agribusiness. Corn seeds have different characteristics in shape and specific mass according to the cultivar and place of seed formation on the corn cob. This research aimed to evaluate the influence of the shape of corn seeds, in the longitudinal distribution, with the use of a pneumatic doser. This study was conducted at the Agroforestry Machinery and Tire Testing Center (NEMPA), belonging to the Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, of the University State of São Paulo (UNESP), in the municipality of Botucatu-SP. Seeds from three commercial corn hybrids were used, in which the shape and sphericity index were evaluated. The experimental design used was completely randomized (DIC), totaling 15 treatments, composed of three varieties of corn, and five vacuum pressures in the doser. Our findings demonstrated that the seed shape influences the longitudinal deposition by the pneumatic feeder. The best results of seed deposition were obtained using the rounded V3 hybrid, which presented a higher index of acceptable spacing, less occurrence of flaws and doubles. The vacuum pressure of 7 kPa provided 98% of acceptable spacing for the V3 hybrid. For the V1 and V2 hybrids, the pressures of 4 kPa and 3 kPa demonstrated 96% and 87% of acceptable spacing, respectively. Keywords: physical characteristics, sphericity, vacuum pressure, spacing.
The base cut of cultures is one of the most studied parameters, and the variables involved in this process should be better evaluated under controlled conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate, using an electromechanical device, under controlled conditions, the influence of the cutting angle and the machine's translation speed on the impact force generated on sugarcane stalks in mechanized harvesting. The study was carried out at the Nempa - Center for Testing of Agroforestry Machines and Tires (NEMPA) at UNESP/Botucatu. For the tests, the Sugarcane Basal Cut Testing Device (BCTD) was used. The collected data were evaluated using multiple linear regression analysis, using the stepwise method. The results showed that the angulation of the cutting blades is the most significant variable in relation to the impact force generated in the cutting process of sugarcane stalks, this research also managed to assess that the intensity of the angulation effect is more than 2 times greater than the effect generated by the displacement speed in the mechanized harvesting process.
RESUMO:A produção de mandioca possui grande importância nas regiões onde predomina a agricultura familiar em pequenas propriedades rurais, assim a mecanização do cultivo pode promover o incremento de produtividade e otimizar o rendimento operacional. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de uma plantadora de mandioca em sistema de plantio direto, tracionada por um trator de rabiças, através de dois ensaios de campo. No primeiro ensaio a plantadora foi avaliada em função de três velocidades distintas, obtendo dados de potência exigida pelo conjunto tratorplantadora e por cada parte constituinte da máquina. No segundo ensaio, avaliou-se a plantadora sob duas velocidades, dois modelos de discos de corte, dois modelos de rodas compactadoras e a potência exigida para tracioná-la, além da distribuição longitudinal das plantas de mandioca. Os resultados do primeiro ensaio mostraram que a marcha de menor velocidade exigiu menor potência do trator. Já os resultados do segundo ensaio, demonstraram que a potência exigida do trator variou em função do tipo de disco de corte e de roda compactadora da plantadora. Para a avaliação da distribuição longitudinal, a plantadora avaliada não apresentou diferenças estatísticas na percentagem de espaçamentos aceitáveis, falhos e duplos entre as linhas de plantio. Palavras-chave: manihot esculenta crantz, mecanização, máquina.ABSTRACT: Cassava production is one of the greatest important in regions where family agriculture and small farms are predominant. The aim of this research was to evaluate the performance of a notill cassava planter traced by a tractor of handlebar, through two field trials. In the first trial the planter was evaluated according to three speeds, obtaining data of power required by the tractor-planter assembly and each constituent part of the planter. In the second test, the planter was evaluated under two speeds, two models of cutting discs, two models of compacting wheels and the power required drawing it, besides the longitudinal distribution of cassava. The results of the first test showed that lower speed gear required less tractor power. The results of the second test, however, showed that the required power of the tractor varied according to the type of cutting disc and the compactor wheel of the planter. For the evaluation of longitudinal distribution, the planter evaluated did not present statistical differences in the percentage of acceptable, faulty and double spacing between the planting lines.
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Rationalizing the use of energy resources is fundamental in all sectors of agriculture. Knowledge related to microenvironmental control in greenhouses requires skilled labor, which is a barrier in many regions of Brazil. The objective of this work was to develop an electronic system for internal microclimate control in greenhouse, with the differential of having in its programming algorithms related to plant physiology, as well as to verify if the control system affects crop productivity. lettuce "lactuca sativa". The control system was developed based on the Arduino ™ Mega 2560 prototyping platform and compatible transducers. The operating software was developed in C / C ++ language, containing information related to the phenological stage of the crop, and providing ideal conditions of temperature, relative humidity, soil moisture and global radiation through actuators. An experimental field analysis was carried out over a production cycle for two lettuce varieties. The experimental results showed that the designed equipment worked according to the implemented programming algorithm, correctly controlled the actuators and increased by 26.7% the productivity of the lettuce type and 29% the productivity of the crisp lettuce.
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