Bacillus megaterium: a Potential and an Efficient Bio-Degrader of Polystyrene

Tan, Kian Meng; Kassim, Amir Hashim Mohd; Razak, Aliff Hisyam Bin A; Fauzi, Noor Akhmazillah Binti Mohd

doi:10.1590/1678-4324-2021190321

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The enzymatic analysis confirmed that the strains Bacillus cereus 1MM03, Priestia megaterium 1MB38 and Priestia megaterium SXC01 from mangrove rhizosphere sediments were able to produce plastic-degrading enzymes like PEG dehydrogenase, esterase, lipase and cutinase as described earlier from bacteria associated with polluted soil, mangrove sediments and even animal gut (Auta et al, 2017;Meng et al, 2021;Wróbel et al, 2023). In addition, semi-quantitative and 320 Journal of Environmental Biology, May 2024 According to earlier reports (Lima et al, 2004;Sekhon et al, 2006), B. megaterium showed the potential of producing lipase enzymes that were highly stable at high temperatures and in the presence of organic solvents.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

“…After 30 days of incubation, the SEM images revealed the interaction between bacteria and PVC film. B. megaterium has previously demonstrated efficiency in degrading polystyrene, exhibiting surface cracks and voids in the PVC film after 30 days of incubation (Meng et al, 2021). In comparison to individual isolates, the consortium exhibited remarkable alterations in the formation of a biofilm and 1MB38 -1 development of fissures on thin PVC sheet.…”

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confidence: 98%

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A comprehensive approach to evaluate microplastic biodegradation potential of mangrove rhizobacteria

Asees,

Divya

2024

JEB

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Aim: The study investigates the microplastic degradation potential of mangrove rhizobacteria and their efficiency as a consortium. Methodology: Rhizosphere sediments were collected from three common mangrove species, Avicennia sp., Acanthus sp. and Bruguiera sp. in Kerala, India. Rhizobacteria were isolated, characterized and a consortium was formulated, which were analyzed for the production of plastic-degrading enzymes. Structural changes in PVC microplastic films treated with individual cultures and consortium were determined by FTIR spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Results: The most abundant bacteria from each of the three mangrove species were identified as Priestia megaterium (SXC01) from Avicennia sp., Bacillus cereus (1MM03) from Acanthus sp. and Priestia megaterium (1MB38) from Bruguiera sp. Semi-quantitative and quantitative analysis showed that Priestia megaterium (SXC01) was efficient in the production of PEG dehydrogenase, Bacillus cereus (1MM03) in lipase production and Priestia megaterium (1MB38) in esterase and cutinase synthesis. Interestingly, the bacterial consortium showed higher production of enzymes and also exhibited greater stability in their attachment to the PVC surface compared to individual bacterial isolates. Further, FTIR spectral studies revealed pronounced vibrations in the hydroxyl (OH) regions, C-H regions and C-Cl stretching regions, providing evidence of bacterial PVC degradation. Interpretation: This study highlights the potential of consortium in the effective degradation of microplastics, surpassing individual isolates in enzymatic activity. To mitigate microplastic contamination, mangrove rhizobacteria are important players with potential uses in the restoration and maintenance of mangrove ecosystems. Key words: Bacterial consortium, Mangrove ecosystems, Microplastic degradation, Rhizobacterial strains

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

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confidence: 98%

A comprehensive approach to evaluate microplastic biodegradation potential of mangrove rhizobacteria

Asees,

Divya

2024

JEB

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“…While two other stains of B. pumilus (A1-2c and A4-2d) showed a weak growth. In line with this, other strains of B. megaterium were identified as potential metabolizers of environmental pollutants such as dioxins, petroleum hydrocarbons, agrochemicals and polystyrene (Quensen and Matsumura, 1983;Thavasi et al, 2011;Bardot et al, 2015;Achiles Do Prado et al, 2021;Meng et al, 2021). Interestingly, these catalytic activities are likely synchronized to specific biological adaptations assisting microorganisms to uptake such hydrophobic contaminants in an efficient manner.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Compositional, genetic and functional characterization of soil culturable microbial communities in polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans contaminated soil

Mahfouz

Mansour²,

Hanano³

2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Dioxins (PCDD/Fs) are one of the most toxic environmental pollutants known to date. Due to their structural stability and extreme hydrophobicity dioxins persist in the ecosystems and can be bioaccumulated to critical levels in both human and animal food chains. Soils are the most important reservoirs of dioxins, thus soil microbes are highly exposed to dioxins, impacting their diversity, genetics and functional characteristics. To experimentally evaluate these effects, the diversity and functionality of soil microbes were assessed in seven local sites potentially exposed to PCDD/Fs.Concentration of dioxins in soils samples was firstly determined and the soils cultivable microbes were identified and molecularly characterized as a function of their in vitro ability to degrade the TCDD. Our results revealed that the diversity of microbial communities largely varied among the sites and was likely inversely proportional to their level of contamination with PCDD/Fs. Furthermore, the genetics profiling of dioxin-degrading bacteria revealed that the Cytochrome P450 CYPBM3-positive species largely belong to the genus Bacillus and were randomly distributed among the soils samples, while the angular dioxygenase (AD)-positive species were mainly found in highly polluted soils with a major presence of the genus Pseudomonas. Finally, the functionality of dioxin-biodegrading genes (AD or CYPBM3), was confirmed by the ability of bacteria to consume 2,3,7,8-TCDD, and this was synchronized with an induced level of both pathways. Our results suggest that different dioxin-metabolizing pathways exist under the same environmental conditions and work differentially for an effective removal of PCDD/Fs.

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“…The enzymatic hydroxylation of PP was investigated using the P450 monooxygenase from Bacillus megaterium expressed in E. coli DH5α which led to an increase in hydrophilicity [42] as a result of the insertion of oxygen atoms to the aliphatic backbone. Our previous work has been reported that Bacillus megaterium formed biofilm on the PS film surface which triggering biodegradation activity [43]. Hence, it is reasonable to suggest that the membrane-bound cytochrome P450 enzyme of Bacillus megaterium interacted with the substrate PS at the surface and hydroxylation took place within the biofilm.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Enhancing SDS-PAGE Detection of Dilute Extracellular Polystyrene Degrading Enzymes Expressed by Bacillus megaterium Strain via Centrifugal Freeze Concentration Method

et al. 2022

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This study aims to enhance the sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) detection and visualization of extracellular polystyrene degrading enzyme expressed by Bacillus megaterium as a result of utilizing polystyrene as a sole carbon source. Dilute polystyrene degrading enzyme expressed in the culture supernatant could not be directly visualized from SDS-PAGE stained with colloidal Coomassie blue stain as it falls below its sensitivity or detection limit level. To overcome this problem, the crude enzyme extract was concentrated via the centrifugal freeze concentration method (cryoconcentration). The extracellular enzyme profiles were determined by SDS-PAGE. The SDS-PAGE analysis of the concentrated enzyme extract revealed 6 visible protein bands ranging in size from 10 to 60 kDa. Three distinct protein bands at approximately 20, 45 and 60 kDa were observed to be highly expressed in the culture supernatant. Polystyrene degrading enzyme extracted from the culture supernatant was closely related to several polymer degrading enzymes which suggest that the extracted enzyme from Bacillus megaterium also belongs to the hydrolase’s enzyme family. GC-MS analysis of the extracted samples significantly contains benzene derivatives due to the breaking down of the long-chain aromatic hydrocarbon polymer. Hydroxylation of the aromatic ring formed phenolic substrate took place which suggests being facilitated by intracellular enzyme hydroxylases. Hence, the biodegradation of polystyrene by Bacillus megaterium was believed to incorporate both intracellular and extracellular enzymes. HIGHLIGHTS Bacillus megaterium strain was first reported to contribute to polystyrene biodegradation Polystyrene degrading enzyme expressed by Bacillus megaterium was detected through SDS-PAGE Cryoconcentration enhanced SDS-PAGE protein detection The protein bands were most distinct visualized at approximately 20, 45 and 60 kDa by SDS-PAGE GC-MS analysis detected benzene derivatives which confirmed enzymatic degradation activity GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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Bacillus megaterium: a Potential and an Efficient Bio-Degrader of Polystyrene

Cited by 6 publications

References 42 publications

A comprehensive approach to evaluate microplastic biodegradation potential of mangrove rhizobacteria

A comprehensive approach to evaluate microplastic biodegradation potential of mangrove rhizobacteria

Compositional, genetic and functional characterization of soil culturable microbial communities in polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans contaminated soil

Enhancing SDS-PAGE Detection of Dilute Extracellular Polystyrene Degrading Enzymes Expressed by Bacillus megaterium Strain via Centrifugal Freeze Concentration Method

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