Avaliação de anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais no tratamento da dor de ovinos submetidos à implantação de cânula ruminal e orquiectomia

Abstract

RESUMO O presente trabalho objetivou comparar o efeito do flunixin meglumine, cetoprofeno e meloxicam no tratamento da dor pós-operatória de ovinos submetidos à implantação de cânula ruminal e orquiectomia. Foram utilizados 32 ovinos, machos, pesando em média 35,5±3,5kg, distribuídos em três grupos: GFlu (flunixin meglumine 1,1mg/kg i.v.), GCet (cetoprofeno 3,0mg/kg i.v.) e GMel (meloxicam 0,5mg/kg i.v.). Exame clínico e coletas de sangue foram realizados no M0 (pré-avaliação), M1 (10 minutos após a pré-avaliação), M2 (início da sutura para fixação da cânula ruminal), M3 (logo após o término da cirurgia) e em duas, 12, 23, 25, 48 e 72 horas após a cirurgia (M2h, M12h, M23h, M25h, M48h e M72h), quando foram avaliados cortisol, glicose, proteína total, albumina, γ-glutamiltransferase (GGT), aspartato aminotransferase (AST), creatina quinase (CK), ureia, creatinina e hemograma. Nos M2h, M12h, M23h, M25h e M48h, foi realizada avaliação comportamental. O GFlu apresentou maior concentração de cortisol no M12h e no M48h e maior escore de dor na fístula e no testículo no M12h, quando comparado ao GMel. Os animais do GCet apresentaram menor interação com outros membros da baia no M23h. A ação analgésica do meloxicam foi maior em animais submetidos à implantação de cânula ruminal e orquiectomia, quando comparado ao flunixin meglumine e ao cetoprofeno.

Effect of flunixin or ketoprofen in caudectomy by elastration in lambs: pain and neutrophil function

“…According to Paull et al (2008), the animals that received ketoprofen remained longer in antialgical posture and had higher cortisol levels than the groups that received flunixin meglumine after mulesing. Possibly these effects are due to the faster elimination of ketoprofen, in comparison to flunixin meglumine (Sousa et al 2019). Additionally, the dose used in our study was twice the dose of flunixin meglumine used by Sousa et al (2019), and the same dose used by Paull et al (2008), which may have a greater analgesic effect.…”

“…Similarly, Paull et al (2008) and Sousa et al (2019) also noted that ketoprofen was less effective in controlling mulesing or orchiectomy and implantation of ruminal cannula pain in lambs than flunixin meglumine. According to Sousa et al (2019), the animals of the ketoprofen group isolated themselves from the others and remained in an antialgic position in relation to the groups that received flunixin meglumine, although both groups maintained the same serum cortisol levels. According to Paull et al (2008), the animals that received ketoprofen remained longer in antialgical posture and had higher cortisol levels than the groups that received flunixin meglumine after mulesing.…”

“…Although most studies that involve research on pain levels measure the serum cortisol levels, we did not measure the levels of serum cortisol because the levels of this hormone have an individual variation (Bertagnon et al 2017). Sousa et al (2019) found an increase in the level of cortisol serum in lambs from 2 of 3 groups submitted for the same surgical procedure (castration and implantation of ruminal cannula) before the analgesic protocol reinforcing the hypothesis that cortisol is influenced by the individual response.…”

“…Besides this hormone may be influenced by simple manipulations of the animal, such as blood collection, and there were not linear correlations between the magnitude of cortisol response and the severity of these noxious stimuli (Straticò et al 2018). Similarly, Sousa et al (2019) and Straticò et al (2018) noted the increases of serum cortisol levels did not influence blood neutrophils or leukocyte counts. As Marini et al (2017) and Ballou et al (2013) used a neutrophilia or neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio as an indicator of pain/stress or inflammation in sheep and calves respectively, we believed this variable can be an indicator of pain or inflammation also.…”

“…Among the different analgesic protocols that have been studied for caudectomy and castration by elastration, regional infiltrative anesthesia with 2% lidocaine is a procedure that induces effective analgesia for approximately 2h (Ballou et al 2013, Bellinazzi et al 2013. The use of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ketoprofen, flunixin meglumine, meloxican or carprofen, administered as a single dose, can prolong and amplify the analgesic effect for up to 24h (Paull et al 2007, Marini et al 2017, Sousa et al 2019. Since the discomfort generated by this procedure can persist for more than 24h (Kent et al 2004) it is often considered that the use of two doses of these drugs can perpetuate the analgesia for a period greater than 1 day.…”