ResumoA infusão de solução salina hipertônica (SSH) é um importante tratamento em animais com choque hipovolêmico. Bovinos com acidose láctica ruminal aguda (ALRA) frequentemente apresentam quadros de desidratação. Este trabalho avaliou a eficiência do tratamento da ALRA com SSH. Foram empregados 12 bovinos machos, mestiços com um ano de idade. Após implantação de cânula ruminal e período de adaptação alimentar os animais foram submetidos à indução de ALRA por meio de administração de sacarose no rúmen. Após 20 horas da indução, os animais foram aleatoriamente divididos em dois grupos. Um deles (SSH) foi tratado na 20ª h com 5 mL/kg P.V. de uma solução de SSH (7,5 % NaCl), dentro de 15 min, e em seguida 20 mL/kg/P.V. de solução salina isotônica (SSI), no decorrer dos próximos 165 minutos. O outro grupo (SSI) foi medicado da mesma forma, com exceção da SSH que foi substituído por 5 mL/kg PV de SSI. Cinco litros de conteúdo ruminal foram retirados, sendo repostos com cinco litros de água em ambos os grupos. Variáveis foram mensuradas no momento 0 (MO), na 20ª h (M20h) e no decorrer dos tratamentos (M30´, M60´, M120´ e M180´). O uso de SSH provocou, nos primeiros 30 minutos, uma ligeira acidemia, acompanhada de discreta hipercapnia, contudo sem provocar efeitos colaterais. A infusão de SSH provocou uma queda no volume globular, confirmando a migração de fluidos do rúmen para a circulação, corrigindo parcialmente a desidratação. Assim, o uso de SSH é uma possibilidade de tratamento adicional da desidratação provocada pela ALRA. Palavras-chave:Hipertônica. Desidratação. Acidose. Láctica. Ruminal. Bovinos. AbstractHypertonic saline solution (HSS) is known as an important treatment for hypovolemic shock. Cattle with acute rumen lactic acidosis (ARLA) usually present different degrees of dehydration. This study evaluated the efficiency of HSS for treatment of ARLA. Twelve yearling, cross-bred, male cattle were used. After an adaptation period, when a rumen cannula was implanted, the animals were submitted to an induction of ARLA by the administration of sucrose into the rumen. Twenty hours later the cattle were randomly divided in two groups. The 1 st group was treated with 5 mL/kg BW with 7.5 % (NaCl), within 15 min after 20 th h of the induction; thereafter it was infused 20 mL/ kg BW of isotonic saline solution (ISS) for the next 165 min. The 2 nd group was treated only with ISS. Five liters of ruminal contents were removed and replaced with five liters of water in both groups. Variables were measured at time 0 (MO), 20 h (M20h) and throughout the treatment (M30´, M60´, M120´ e M180´). The use of HSS caused a mild acidemia followed by a discrete hypercapnia. No side effects were seen in cattle treated with HSS. Infusion of HSS decreased the globular volume indicating a passage of fluids from the rumen into the bloodstream, correcting partially the dehydration. The use of HHS is a possible additional treatment for correction of dehydration caused by ARLA.

BackgroundAcute ruminal lactic acidosis (ARLA) is a major nutritional and metabolic disorder usually characterized by excessive or non-adapted intake of diets rich in nonstructural carbohydrates. Feed additives that regulate the ruminal environment have been used to prevent ARLA, such as ionophores and, more recently, yeast culture. Thus, we aimed to compare the efficacy of a yeast-based culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) with that of monensin sodium in the prevention of ARLA in sheep. Eighteen male, crossbred, rumen-cannulated sheep were randomly distributed into three groups of six animals: control, yeast culture and monensin. Thirty days after the start of supplementation with yeast culture (4 × 109 cfu/animal/day of S. cerevisiae) and monensin (33 mg/kg of total dry matter intake), 15 g/kg BW of sucrose was administered directly into the rumen of the animals to induce ARLA. Samples of blood and ruminal fluid were collected at the following time points: at baseline (T0 h) immediately before the induction of ARLA; 6 h (T6 h); 12 h (T12 h); 18 h (T18 h); 24 h (T24 h); 36 h (T36 h); and 48 h (T48 h) after ARLA induction.ResultsRuminal pH was higher in monensin group at T12 h and in yeast culture group at T36 h when compared to control group. Lower values of L-Lactate were found at yeast culture group at T24 h and T36 h. Monensin showed prophylactic effect by decreasing the rate of ruminal pH decline and occasionally reducing ruminal acidosis, whereas probiotics resulted in less accumulation of lactic acid in the rumen and a lower degree of systemic acidosis.ConclusionThe use of yeast culture can be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of ARLA in sheep, because it can effectively reduce the accumulation of lactic acid, and thereby increase ruminal pH and reduce ruminal osmolarity. On the other hand, monensin showed prophylactic effect by decreasing the rate of ruminal pH decline and occasionally reducing ruminal acidosis, however, it did not directly prevent these conditions.

In this study we examined the effects of different feed concentrates on sheep behaviour. Our hypothesis was that citric pulp would stimulate rumination and be capable of replacing other concentrates traditionally used for feeding in confinement, to reduce the risk of urolithiasis. Ten adult Santa Inês sheep were distributed in a Latin square with five different diets, one control diet with 80% hay and 20% commercial feed and four diets containing 30% coast-cross hay and 70% of the following concentrates: pelleted citrus pulp, citrus pulp meal, cornmeal or wheat bran. After 21d of adaptation to each one of the five diets, the sheep were visually monitored for 24 h at 3 min intervals to record the time spent ruminating, time spent eating and time spent resting; the animals' positions (standing or lying down) were also noted. Daytime was considered to be from 06:00h to 18:00h. The data were evaluated using ANOVA, with Tukey post-hoc test or throughout Two-sample T test for circadian and position assessment. Citrus pulp diets resulted in time spent ruminating similar to the control diet (601, 590 and 669 min, respectively), but greater (P<0.05) than the cornmeal group (421min), which showed that citrus pulp generated effective rumination. The estimated saliva production in the control diet (26L) was greater than in the other groups, and was greater in the citrus pulp groups (24L/d) than cornmeal (21L/d). Feeding with cornmeal led to shorter time spent eating and time spent ruminating than all other diets. The sheep had higher time spent resting at night when fed concentrates (P<0.05). For all diets, about 90% of the time spent ruminating occurred with the animals lying down. Pelleted citrus pulp, citrus pulp meal and to a lesser degree wheat bran, led to adequate time spent ruminating. The use of citrus pulp can act as a preventive management measure to reduce the incidence of urolithiasis in sheep flocks.Keywords: feed behaviour, citric pulp, rumination, urolithiasis, cornmeal Palavras-chave: comportamento alimentar, polpa cítrica, ruminação, urolitíase, fubá de milho RESUMO

RESUMOO presente trabalho avaliou os efeitos da administração de duas diferentes quantidades de melão sobre variáveis hemogasométricas, bioquímicas e hematológicas de ovinos não adaptados. Foram utilizados 12 ovinos canulados, pesando 25kg de peso vivo, que nunca receberam ração concentrada. Os animais receberam dieta à base de feno (2,3% do peso vivo) e água à vontade. Os ovinos foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos e receberam 25% ou 75% da matéria seca (MS) da dieta de melão triturado (G25% e G75%, respectivamente) diretamente no rúmen. Foram realizadas coletas de sangue e determinação do pH ruminal nos seguintes tempos: zero, 3, 6, 12, 18 e 24 horas após oferecimento do melão. Foi realizada análise hemogasométrica, do volume globular, determinação da concentração plasmática de lactato-L, glicose e osmolaridade sérica. No G25%, o pH sanguíneo variou entre 7,40 e 7,31, enquanto o G75% apresentou pH entre 7,38 e 7,26. Maiores concentrações de glicose plasmática foram detectadas no G75% no T3, T6 e T12 (P<0,05). Os ovinos que receberam 25% de melão mantiveram parâmetros sanguíneos dentro da normalidade, ao passo que, no G75%, os ovinos apresentaram discreta acidose metabólica sistêmica e hiperglicemia. A suplementação com 25% de melão pode ser uma alternativa segura na alimentação de ovinos.

We aimed to compare the measurements of sheep ruminal pH using a continuous telemetry system or a bench pH meter using sheep with different degrees of ruminal pH. Ruminal lactic acidosis was induced in nine adult crossbred Santa Ines sheep by the administration of 15 g of sucrose per kg/BW. Samples of rumen fluid were collected at the baseline, before the induction of acidosis (T 0) and at six, 12, 18, 24, 48, and 72 hours after the induction for pH measurement using a bench pH meter. During this 72-hour period, all animals had electrodes for the continuous measurement of pH. The results were compared using the Bland-Altman analysis of agreement, Pearson coefficients of correlation and determination, and paired analysis of variance with Student's t-test. The measurement methods presented a strong correlation (r = 0.94, P < 0.05) but the rumen pH that was measured continuously using a telemetry system resulted in lower values than the bench pH meter (overall mean of 5.38 and 5.48, resp., P = 0.0001). The telemetry system was able to detect smaller changes in rumen fluid pH and was more accurate in diagnosing both subacute ruminal lactic acidosis and acute ruminal lactic acidosis in sheep.