Portrayal of Punica granatum L. peel extract through High Performance Liquid Chromatography and antimicrobial activity evaluation

Abstract

Increasing trend in antimicrobial resistance and failure of chemically synthesized antibiotics lead to discover alternative methods for the treatment of bacterial infections. Various medicinal plants are in use traditionally and their active compounds can be further applied for treatment of bacterial diseases. This study was designed to determine the antibacterial activity of Punica granatum (P. granatum L.) (pomegranate) peel extract against Enterobacteriaceae [Escherichia coli (E. coli), Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) and Shigella Dysenteriae (S. Dysenteriae)] and gram-positive bacterium [Staphylococcus aureus (Staph aureus)]. Methanolic extract of P. granatum L. peel was prepared by Soxhlet apparatus method. Total flavonoid and phenolic contents from the extract were determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The antibacterial activity of P. granatum L. peel extract was evaluated through agar well diffusion method. HPLC showed the range of phenolics (gallic acid, caffeic acid, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid) and flavonoid compounds. The chemical structures of flavonoid and phenolics found in the methanolic extract of P. granatum L. peel have been reported for the first time. The methanolic peel extract (50 ul) of yellow P. granatum L. showed 26, 10, 10 and 9mm zones of inhibition (ZOI) against S. aureus, S. Typhimurium, S. Dysenteriae and E. coli, respectively. The methanolic extract of red P. granatum L. (100 ul) showed 27, 8, 12 and 15 mm ZOI against Staph. aureus, S. Typhimurium, S. Dysenteriae and E. coli, respectively. Highest ZOI was observed against Staph. aureus. Many of the bacteria studied in the present work may cause serious gastrointestinal infections, which can lead to hemorrhagic diarrhea in children. These infections can be life-threatening to young children and the elderly. There is an incentive to find alternative control measures, such as plant and herbal extracts, especially in lesser-developed countries where traditional antibiotics may not be readily available.

Pomegranates bioactive metabolites and biological activities: an updated review

“…Methanolic extract of P. granatum L. peel was prepared through the Soxhlet apparatus method in 500 ml of methanol solvent High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was performed. (7) Chemical analysis of Gallic acid:…”

“…Methanolic extract of P. granatum L. peel was prepared through Soxhlet apparatus method in 500mlof methanol solvent High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was performed. (7) 4. Extracted from peel by a mixture of ethanol and hydrochloric acid and distilled water with a ratio of 60:5:35 for 30 minutes, and analyzed by thin layer chromatography, high pressure liquid chromatography, and UV-visible spectroscopy.…”

“…Indeed, the pomegranate was commonly used in folk medicine, for eliminating parasites, as an anthelmintic anti-giardiasis and vermifuge, and to treat and cure ulcers, diarrhoea, acidosis, dysentery, hepatic and renal toxicity, haemorrhage, and bronchial asthma. It was also used as an antipyretic (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12).…”

Potential Antioxidant and Antiviral Activities of Hydroethanolic Extracts of Selected Lamiaceae Species

“…In addition to their antioxidant activity, some MAP extracts have shown activity against foodborne pathogens, such as viruses and bacteria, related to their phenolic content [6]. Therefore, plant-based extracts could also be introduced in processed foods in order to protect the consumers against foodborne viruses.…”