Assessment of the antibacterial, cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of Morus nigra L. (Moraceae)

Abstract

This study was carried out to assess the antibacterial, cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of extracts of Morus nigra L. HPLC was used to determine the fingerprint chromatogram of the crude ethanolic extract (Mn-EtOH). The antibacterial effect was assessed through the method of microdilution. The cytotoxicity was tested against human tumour cell lines using the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also assessed through the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride methods, respectively. Antioxidant activities of the extracts were evaluated by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging and β-carotene-linoleic acid bleaching methods. The presence of phenolic compounds in Mn-EtOH was confirmed using HPLC. The extracts showed activity against most microorganisms tested. The extracts did not show any expressive antiproliferative effect in the assessment of cytotoxicity. The most significant total phenolic content was 153.00 ± 11.34 mg of gallic acid equivalent/g to the ethyl acetate extract (AcOEt). The total flavonoid content was 292.50 ± 70.34 mg of catechin equivalent/g to the AcOEt extract, which presented the best antioxidant activity (IC 50 50.40 ± 1.16 μg/mL) for DPPH scavenging. We can conclude that this species shows strong antibacterial and antioxidant activities, as well as weak cytotoxic effects.Keywords: antibacterial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, Moraceae, Morus nigra. Avaliação das atividades antibacteriana, citotóxica e antioxidante de Morus nigra L. (Moraceae) ResumoEste estudo foi realizado para avaliar as atividades antibacteriana, citotóxica e antioxidante de extratos de Morus nigra L. HPLC foi utilizado para determinar o perfil de compostos fenólicos do extrato etanólico bruto (Mn-EtOH). O efeito antibacteriano foi avaliado através do método de microdiluição. A citotoxicidade foi testada contra linhagens celulares de tumores humanos utilizando o ensaio do brometo de 3-(4,5-dimetil-2-tiazolil)-2,5-difenil-2H-tetrazólio (MTT). O conteúdo total de compostos fenólicos e flavonoides também foi avaliado por meio dos métodos de Folin-Ciocalteu e cloreto de alumínio, respectivamente. A atividade antioxidante dos extratos foi avaliada por meio do sequestro do radical livre 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazil (DPPH) e co-oxidação do sistema β-caroteno-ácido linoleico. A presença de compostos fenólicos em Mn-EtOH foi confirmada utilizando HPLC. Os extratos mostraram atividade contra a maioria dos microrganismos testados. Os extratos não mostraram qualquer efeito antiproliferativo expressivo na avaliação da citotoxicidade. O conteúdo fenólico total mais significativo foi de 153,00 ± 11,34 mg de equivalente de ácido gálico/g para o extrato acetato de etila (AcOEt). O conteúdo de flavonoides totais foi de 292,50 ± 70,34 mg de equivalente de catequina/g para o extrato AcOEt, que apresentou a melhor atividade antioxidante (IC 50 50,40 ± 1,16 mg/mL) para o sequestro do DPPH. Podemos concluir que esta espécie apres...

Diş Hekimliğinde Tamamlayıcı Bitkisel Tedaviler

“…Morus, yaprak döken ağaç türlerine sahip bir cinstir. En az 100 bilinen çeşidi olan 24 türü vardır (3,12,13). Dut 10-13 metre boyundadır.…”

“…Kara (siyah) dut olarak bilinen Morus nigra, Morus cinsinin en önemli türlerinden biridir. Analjezik, diüretik, antitusif, sedatif, anksiyolitik ve hipotansif olarak da halk hekimliğinde kullanılmaktadır (12).…”

Center for Studies and Research of Medicinal Plants (NEPLAME): a brief historic, major advances and perspectives

“…39 Quanto à atividade farmacológica, o extrato etanólico bruto reduziu a hiperglicemia e dislipidemia em ratos diabéticos induzidos por aloxana. 38 Também foi avaliada a atividade antibacteriana, citotóxica e antioxidante, 40 antinociceptiva, 41 bem como a toxicidade da planta. 33,36,42 Neoglaziovia variegata (Arruda) Mez.…”

Effects of Morus nigra L. in Bone Healing

“…Studies have reported positive effects with the use of the fruits and leaves of M. nigra L. in the treatment of pharyngitis and gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases; 4,5 as laxative, sedative, expectorant, refreshing, emollient, soothing, diuretic, hypoglycemic, and antiinflammatory; 3,4 in the treatment of diabetes; 6 as analgesic; 7 it has protective action against peroxidative damages of biomembranes and biomolecules; 8 it has antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory action; 9 and, finally, it has strong antibacterial and antioxidant activity. 10 Although there are few scientific studies that denote its therapeutic functionalities, an important highlight of black mulberry is the recurrent use of the tea from its leaves in popular milieu. The results obtained through an ethnomedicinal research performed in the municipality of Muriaé, MG, confirmed the use of M. nigra L. in the treatment of climacteric symptoms, with a considerable consensus on popular use (˃ 50%), which led us to conclude that M. nigra L. may have medicinal potential for chemical and pharmacological studies, especially as a source of substances with estrogenic activity.…”