Clinical indicators of dry eye severity nursing outcome in intensive care unit

Abstract

Objective:to verify the extent of impairment of the clinical indicators of the nursing outcome Dry Eye Severity in patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit.Method:cross-sectional, descriptive study developed with 206 patients. Based on the result listed, six indicators of the Classification of Nursing Results were evaluated with a questionnaire containing clinical variables and the Likert scale of the Classification of Nursing Results with constructed definitions, which varies from more impaired to non-impaired. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results:the decrease in lacrimal production and the presence of redness in the conjunctiva were more impaired. The other indicators were more frequent for the absence of impairment: incomplete eyelid closure 81% (167), excessive tearing 95.1%(196), excessive mucous secretion 78.7% (162) and decreased blinking mechanism 50.5% (104). The clinical characteristics of hospitalization for neurological disorders, invasive mechanical ventilation, chemosis, use of sedatives, vasoconstrictors, benzodiazepines, antibiotics and corticosteroids interfered in the impairment of the dry eye severity.Conclusion:the result indicators show that the clinical characteristics of patients in the intensive care unit interfere in the impairment and in the dry eyes severity. According to these results, the importance of assistance directed to the prevention of eye diseases is emphasized.

Dexmedetomidine and Tear Production: Evaluation in Dogs as Spontaneous Model for Ocular Surface Disorders

“…Alpha2-adrenergic agonists have been used in veterinary anesthesia since the late 1960s, and when in the 1990s dexmedetomidine was developed to reduce the side effects of medetomidine, its use became routine in both human and veterinary medicine [ 34 , 35 , 37 ]. In dogs and cats, dexmedetomidine produces dose-dependent levels of sedation and the intensity of these effects is similar to that produced by twice the dose of medetomidine [ 39 ].…”

“…In the European Union, DEX was approved for the sedation of adult patients; conversely, the use of DEX in pediatric anesthesia is as yet “off-label”, despite a strong evidence base for its use [ 34 , 35 , 44 ]. In humans, the occurrence of exposure keratopathy post-sedation becomes a concern in the intensive care unit (ICU), where the admitted patients need to be maintained for a long time under sedation or invasive mechanical ventilation, being exposed to low temperature and humidity, which contribute to the occurrence of eye dryness [ 13 , 39 , 44 ].…”

Validation of nursing outcome indicators of the nursing outcomes classification: dry eye severity

“…The Redness of the conjunctiva indicator refers to the extension of blood vessels on the ocular surface resulting from irritation or reduction in the amount of tear that can cause severe damage to the eye. In a study with patients with the nursing diagnosis Risk of dry eye, the Redness of the conjunctiva indicator was present in 59.7% of the sample (2) .…”

“…One of the contexts that predispose to the development of the dry eye is the ICU. A study relating dry eye syndrome to ICU points to this clinical condition as the ocular condition with the highest incidence (53%) in this environment (2) . Besides, ocular dryness was evident in 43.2% of the eyes evaluated in a crosssectional study conducted in northeastern Brazil (3) .…”

Smart Eye Camera: A Validation Study for Evaluating the Tear Film Breakup Time in Human Subjects

“… 12 Moreover, DED symptoms even tend to affect inpatients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). 13 Based on the increased incidence of DED, the diagnostic criteria for DED were renewed by the Asia Dry Eye Society. They highlight the importance of assessing TFBUT as an objective finding in DED cases.…”