Frequency of Gene Ace I Polymorphism I-D in Athletes of Different Sports

Abstract

Introduction: The angiotensin-converting enzyme I-D (ACE) polymorphism gene is one of the most widely investigated genetic variations in sports science. Apparently, allele I is related to endurance sports, while allele D is related to power-strength activities. Nevertheless, studies have presented controversial results when it comes as to its occurrence in a variety of sports. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the frequency of gene ACE polymorphism I-D in professional athletes of collective or individual sports. Methods: Five mL blood were collected from 189 subjects divided into two groups: athletes (AG, n=127, wrestling, taekwondo, soccer, futsal and handball) and non-athletes (NAG, n=62). The athletes group was subdivided by group modalities, into: collective and individual. Both groups were further subdivided into male and female. Thus, we have the groups FAC= collective female, FAI= individual female, MAC= collective male, and MAI= individual male. The statistical analysis was carried out by frequency test, and the Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium by the x² test. Results: The results for the AG group indicated the following frequencies: DD=7%, ID=44% and II=49%. Allele frequency: D=29% and I=71%. For the NAG, the results were: DD=6.5%, ID=45.2% and II=48%. Allele frequency: D=29% and I=71%. The AG genotypic and allele frequencies did not differ statistically from those of the NAG (p= 0.982 and p= 0.984, respectively). However, we noticed that the genotypes II and ID frequencies were significantly higher than those of the DD. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the genotypic and allelic I-D frequencies of the ACE gene do not seem to influence performance in either group or individual sports. ACTN3 genotype frequencies did not vary significantly between male and female control subjects, and overall, there was no significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg (H-W) equilibrium. Level of evidence I; Diagnostic studies–Investigating diagnostic test.

Genotype distribution and allele frequency of the ACE gene I/D polymorphism in endurance runners: Systematic review.

“…Algunos estudios han reportado una mayor relación del polimorfismo I/D del gen ECA en el rendimiento físico atlético, especialmente en población caucásica europea en comparación con otras poblaciones (Moir et al, 2019;Ostrander, Huson, & Ostrander, 2009;Terruzzi, 2012). En Sudamérica Rocha et al (2020) realizó un estudio en la identificación del gen ECA en deportistas de fútbol, balonmano, fútbol sala, lucha libre y taekwondo, en los cuales no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre el grupo de atletas y no atletas. En el contexto colombiano, un estudio en el Valle del Cauca con diferentes deportes y genes asociados al rendimiento deportivo, entre ellos el gen ECA, encontró una relación superior al 60% del alelo I del gen ECA en las modalidades de resistencia y de larga duración (Estrada, 2015).…”

Configuración Dermatoglífica, ACTN3 y ECA: Un estudio transcultural en deportistas de diferentes Disciplinas (Dermatoglyphic Configuration, ACTN3 and ECA: A transcultural study in athletes of different Disciplines)

“…De acuerdo a Ma et al, (2013), el gen ACTN3 codifica la proteína a-actinina-3, que se expresa casi exclusivamente en el sarcómero de las fibras glucolíticas rápidas de tipo II, las cuales son responsables de la generación de contracciones fuertes y rápidas durante actividades como carreras de velocidad y levantamiento de pesas. Y la ECA es una enzima que integra el sistema de aldosterona angiotensina renina fundamental para la regulación de la presión arterial (Rocha, et al, 2020).…”

“…El gen ACTN3 R577X y ECA son actualmente los Fecha recepción: 23-07-21. Fecha de aceptación: 07-10-21 Claudio Hernández-Mosqueira claudiomarcelo.hernandez@ufrontera.cl genes con la mayor evidencia científica al establecer una asociación de fenotipos con diversos deportes colectivos e individuales (Castilha et al, 2018;Goleva-Fjellet, 2016;Rocha et al, 2020). El alelo-I del gen ECA, y el alelo-X para el Gen ACTN3, se han asociado generalmente con la mejora de la resistencia, mientras que el alelo-D y el alelo-R para gen de la ECA y ACTN3, respectivamente, se han asociado con velocidad (Gunel et al, 2014;Kikuchi y Nakazato, 2015;Schadock et al, 2015).…”