Prevalence of Shiga Toxin-Producing and Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in Wild and Pet Birds in Iran

Koochakzadeh, Alireza; Badouei, Mahdi Askari; Salehi, Taghi Zahraei; Aghasharif, Sina; Soltani, Mohammad; Ehsan,

doi:10.1590/1516-635x1704445-450

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The characterization of these strains allowed us to show that these birds can carry human MDR diarrheagenic E. coli. The prevalence of EPEC and STEC in wild birds and urban pigeons are similar to the ones reported in other studies conducted in these free-living avian species, where frequencies ranged from 0% to 1.8% for STEC strains (Kobayashi et al, 2002;Wani et al, 2004;Silva et al, 2009;Caballero et al, 2015;Koochakzadeh et al, 2015) and from 2.8% to 4.9% for EPEC strains (Hughes et al, 2009;Silva et al, 2009;Oh et al, 2011;Sacristán et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Wild birds and urban pigeons as reservoirs for diarrheagenic Escherichia coli with zoonotic potential

et al. 2017

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In order to describe the role of wild birds and pigeons in the transmission of shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) to humans and other animals, samples were collected from cloacae and oropharynx of free-living wild birds and free-living pigeons. Two STEC (0.8%) and five EPEC strains (2.0%) were isolated from wild birds and four EPEC strains (2.0%) were recovered from pigeons. Serogroups, sequence types (STs) and virulence genes, such as saa, iha, lpfA , ehxA, espA, nleB and nleE, detected in this study had already been implicated in human and animal diseases. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was found in 25.0% of the pigeon strains and in 57.0% of the wild bird strains; the wild birds also yielded one isolate carrying extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) gene bla. The high variability shown by PFGE demonstrates that there are no prevalent E. coli clones from these avian hosts. Wild birds and pigeons could act as carriers of multidrug-resistant STEC and EPEC and therefore may constitute a considerable hazard to human and animal health by transmission of these strains to the environment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Wild birds and urban pigeons as reservoirs for diarrheagenic Escherichia coli with zoonotic potential

et al. 2017

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“…Koochakzadeh et al . [ 20 ] found that 0.45% of wild and pet birds in Iran carry EPEC strains. Gioia-Di Chiacchio et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 16 , 17 ] lent support to the claim that wild birds are vectors and reservoirs for the maintenance and spread of STEC infections. The interactions between humans and wild birds are obvious; they reside in human habitats, migrate between waste collection areas, cattle, pig and poultry farms and deposit their droppings in soil and water and hence allowing the transmission of these zoonoses to man and animals [ 9 , 11 , 13 - 20 ]. The long survival time of STEC in soil (for up to 7 months) may give the opportunity for such transmission [ 10 , 21 - 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and zoonotic impact of Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli in some wild bird species

2017

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Aim:Wild birds are considered silent vectors of some zoonotic water and food borne pathogens of public health significance. Owing to the importance of Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) as the most pathogenic among the emerging diarrheagenic E. coli groups that can infect man; the present study was designed to detect the occurrence of STEC among wild birds in Egypt.Materials and Methods:A total of 177 intestinal content swab samples originating from five wild bird species were investigated for the presence of E. coli and STEC by standard culture methods. Suspect STEC isolates were further characterized by serotyping, random amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction (RAPD PCR), antimicrobial resistance pattern and PCR detection of stx1, stx2, and eae genes.Results:A total of 30 suspect STEC isolates from 30 positive birds’ samples were detected and identified on STEC CHROMagar (semi-captive pigeons, 15; house crows, 8; cattle egrets, 3; moorhens, 2; and house teals, 2). 25 isolates were grouped into 13 serogroups (O:20, O:25, O:26, O:27, O:63, O:78, O:111, O:114, O:125, O:128, O:142, O:153, and O:158), while five were rough strains. The distribution of STEC virulence genes among wild birds was as follows: 16 birds carried stx1 gene only (nine pigeons [28.1%], six crows [7.1%], and one cattle egret [5.6%]). Stx1 and stx2 genes together were detected in four birds (one cattle egret [5.6%], two moorhens [6.1%], and one house teal, [10%]). Only one pigeon (3.1%) possessed the three alleles. Disk diffusion test results showed that cefixime was the most effective against STEC serotypes with (93.3%) sensitivity, followed by gentamycin (56.7%), and amoxicillin (50%). On the other hand, all the recovered STEC isolates were resistant to cefotaxime, doxycycline, cephalothin, and sulfisoxazole. RAPD fingerprinting using primers OPA-2 and OPA-9 showed that STEC isolates were heterogeneous; they yielded 30 and 27 different clusters, respectively.Conclusions:Wild birds carry STEC and may add to the contamination of the surrounding environment.

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“…Marietto-Gonçalves et al (2011) surveying for DEC in 86 captive psittacine observed strains of STEC and EAEC, in addition to EPEC. Koochakzadeh et al (2015) investigated stx1, stx2 and eaeA genes in 30 E. coli strains from psittacine of pet shops in Iran. However, none of the strains presented these genes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular diagnosis of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli isolated from Psittaciformes of illegal wildlife trade

et al. 2018

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Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) are considered one of the major causes of human diarrhea in developing countries. Some studies have pointed wild birds as important reservoirs for these pathogens. However, scarce species from the Psittaciformes order have been investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of DEC strains in Psittaciformes from illegal wildlife trade. A total of 78 E. coli strains isolated from cloacal swab samples of 167 Psittaciformes in the Ceará State, Brazil, were evaluated regarding the presence of the following DEC virulence genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR): eaeA and bfpA genes (Enteropathogenic E. coli - EPEC); stx1 and stx2 (Shiga toxin-producing E. coli - STEC); estA and eltB (Enterotoxigenic E. coli - ETEC); ipaH (Enteroinvasive E. coli - EIEC); aatA and aaiC (Enteroaggregative E. coli - EAEC). Positive strains for eaeA and bfpA genes were considered typical EPEC, while strain positive exclusively for the eaeA gene were classified as atypical EPEC. The eaeA gene was identified in 20 E. coli strains and bfpA in 22 isolates. In addition, 11 and 9 belonged to tEPEC and aEPEC, respectively. No strain was positive for stx1 or stx2. A total of 47 (60.3%) strains and a total of 136 birds (81.4%) were negative for the remaining DEC pathotypes investigated. In conclusion, psittacine from illegal wildlife trade in Ceará State, Brazil, presented a relevant prevalence of typical and atypical EPEC, potentially playing a role as reservoirs of DEC strains in the environment. Thus, proper control measures must be adopted to block the spread of these pathogens.

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Prevalence of Shiga Toxin-Producing and Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in Wild and Pet Birds in Iran

Cited by 16 publications

References 25 publications

Wild birds and urban pigeons as reservoirs for diarrheagenic Escherichia coli with zoonotic potential

Wild birds and urban pigeons as reservoirs for diarrheagenic Escherichia coli with zoonotic potential

Characterization and zoonotic impact of Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli in some wild bird species

Molecular diagnosis of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli isolated from Psittaciformes of illegal wildlife trade

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