The effect of red grape seed extract on serum paraoxonase activity in patients with mild to moderate hyperlipidemia

Abstract

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Red grape seed extract (RGSE) contains oligomeric proanthocyanidin complexes as a class of flavonoids. These compounds are potent antioxidants and exert many health-promoting effects. This study aimed to determine the effects of RGSE on serum levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein AI (apo-AI) levels and paraoxonase (PON) activity in patients with mild to moderate hyperlipidemia (MMH). DESIGN AND SETTINGS: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted at Shahid-Modarres Hospital (Tehran, Iran) and Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Seventy MMH patients were randomly assigned to receive treatment (200 mg/day of RGSE) or placebo for eight weeks. RESULTS: Significant elevation in serum levels of apo-AI (P = 0.001), HDL-C (P = 0.001) and PON activity (P = 0.001) and marked decreases in concentrations of TC (P = 0.015), TG (P = 0.011) and LDL-C (P = 0.014) were found in the cases. PON activity was significantly correlated with apo-AI (r = 0.270; P < 0.01) and HDL-C (r = 0.45; P < 0.001). Significant differences between the RGSE and control groups (before and after treatment) for TC (P = 0.001), TG (P = 0.001), PON (P = 0.03), apo-AI (P = 0.001) and LDL-C (P = 0.002) were seen. CONCLUSION: It is possible that RGSE increases PON activity mostly through increasing HDL-C and apo-AI levels in MMH patients. It may thus have potential beneficial effects in preventing oxidative stress and atherosclerosis in these patients. RESUMOCONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Extrato de semente de uva vermelha (RGSE) contém complexos de proantocianidinas oligoméricas como classe de flavonoides. Estes compostos são antioxidantes potentes e exercem muitos efeitos de promoção da saúde. Este estudo visou determinar os efeitos de RGSE nos níveis séricos de triglicérides (TG), colesterol total (TC), colesterol de lipoproteína alta-densidade (HDL-C), colesterol de lipoproteína baixa-densidade (LDL-C), apolipoproteína AI (apo-AI) e atividade de paraoxonase (PON) em pacientes com hiperlipidemia leve a moderada (MMH). DESENHO E LOCAL: Estudo clínico randomizado duplo-cego controlado com placebo, realizado no Hospital Shahid-Modarres (Teerã, Irã) e na Universidade de Ciências Médicas de Tabriz. Setenta pacientes com MMH foram aleatoriamente designados para receber tratamento (200 mg/dia de RGSE) ou placebo durante oito semanas. RESULTADOS: Elevação significativa nos níveis séricos de apo-AI (P = 0,001), HDL-C (P = 0,001) e atividade de PON (P = 0,001) e diminuição marcada nas concentrações de TC (P = 0,015), TG (P = 0,011) e LDL-C (P = 0,014) foram encontradas nos casos. Atividade de PON mostrou correlação significativa com apo-AI (r = 0,270; P < 0,01) e HDL-C (r = 0,45; P < 0,001). Diferenças significativas entre os grupos RGSE e controle (antes e após tratamento) para TC (P = 0,001), TG (P = 0,001), PON (P = 0,03), apo-AI (P = 0,001) e LDL-C (P = 0,002) foram observadas. CONCLUSÃO...

The effects of grape seed extract on glycemic control, serum lipoproteins, inflammation, and body weight: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials

“…After screening 724 studies, 15 (Abedini et al, ; Alirezaei et al, ; Argani et al, ; Clifton, ; Kar, Laight, Rooprai, Shaw, & Cummings, ; Mellen, Daniel, Brosnihan, Hansen, & Herrington, ; Park, Edirisinghe, Choy, Waterhouse, & Burton‐Freeman, ; Pourghassem‐Gargari, Abedini, Babaei, Aliasgarzadeh, & Pourabdollahi, ; Sano et al, ; Sivaprakasapillai, Edirisinghe, Randolph, Steinberg, & Kappagoda, ; Taghizadeh, Malekian, Memarzadeh, Mohammadi, & Asemi, ; Terauchi et al, ; Turki et al, ; Vigna et al, ; Ward et al, ) of them were eligible to be included in this meta‐analysis. These studies were detected by a process that is shown in Figure .…”

“…General characteristics of eligible studies are summarized in Table . The studies were conducted in Italy (Vigna et al, ), Australia (Clifton, ; Ward et al, ), Japan (Sano et al, ; Terauchi et al, ), United Kingdom (Kar et al, ), United States (Mellen et al, ; Park et al, ; Sivaprakasapillai et al, ), Iran (Abedini et al, ; Alirezaei et al, ; Argani et al, ; Pourghassem‐Gargari et al, ; Taghizadeh et al, ), and Tunisia (Turki et al, ). Studies were published between 2003 and 2017.…”

“…Studies were published between 2003 and 2017. Ten studies (Abedini et al, ; Argani et al, ; Park et al, ; Pourghassem‐Gargari et al, ; Sano et al, ; Sivaprakasapillai et al, ; Taghizadeh et al, ; Terauchi et al, ; Turki et al, ; Ward et al, ) had parallel design and other (Alirezaei et al, ; Clifton, ; Kar et al, ; Mellen et al, ; Vigna et al, ) had crossover design. One study was performed on men (Vigna et al, ), two studies (Taghizadeh et al, ; Terauchi et al, ) on women, and other studies (Abedini et al, ; Alirezaei et al, ; Argani et al, ; Clifton, ; Kar et al, ; Mellen et al, ; Park et al, ; Pourghassem‐Gargari et al, ; Sano et al, ; Sivaprakasapillai et al, ; Turki et al, ; Ward et al, ) on both sexes.…”

“…Ten studies (Abedini et al, ; Argani et al, ; Park et al, ; Pourghassem‐Gargari et al, ; Sano et al, ; Sivaprakasapillai et al, ; Taghizadeh et al, ; Terauchi et al, ; Turki et al, ; Ward et al, ) had parallel design and other (Alirezaei et al, ; Clifton, ; Kar et al, ; Mellen et al, ; Vigna et al, ) had crossover design. One study was performed on men (Vigna et al, ), two studies (Taghizadeh et al, ; Terauchi et al, ) on women, and other studies (Abedini et al, ; Alirezaei et al, ; Argani et al, ; Clifton, ; Kar et al, ; Mellen et al, ; Park et al, ; Pourghassem‐Gargari et al, ; Sano et al, ; Sivaprakasapillai et al, ; Turki et al, ; Ward et al, ) on both sexes. Totally, 825 subjects (451 in intervention and 374 in control group) were enrolled in these studies (Abedini et al, ; Alirezaei et al, ; Argani et al, ; Clifton, ; Kar et al, ; Mellen et al, ; Park et al, ; Pourghassem‐Gargari et al, ; Sano et al, ; Sivaprakasapillai et al, ; Taghizadeh et al, ; Terauchi et al, ; Turki et al, ; Vigna et al, ; Ward et al, ).…”

“…Results of a meta‐analysis published in 2011, in which nine RCTs were included, showed that grape seed extract (GSE) administration did not have any effect on total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides and C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels (Feringa, Laskey, Dickson, & Coleman, ). A study by Argani et al () showed that taking GSE for 8 weeks by patients with mild to moderate hyperlipidemia led to a significant decrease in TC, triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol levels. However, administration of GSE for 8 weeks in T2DM patients did not affect serum lipids (Abedini, Pourghassem, Babaei, Aliasgarzadeh, & Pourabdollahi, ).…”