Tuberous sclerosis complex diagnosed from oral lesions

Abstract

CONTEXT: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a genetic disease in the group known as neurocutaneous syndromes, with dominant autosomal inheritance. It is characterized by skin and adnexal lesions and central and peripheral nervous system tumors, with neurological and psychiatric findings. It may affect the heart, kidneys, eyes, face, bones, lungs, stomach and dentition. CASE REPORT: We present the case of a 66-year-old man with dermatological signs that included hypopigmented maculae, confetti-like lesions, shagreen plaque, angiofibromas on nasolabial folds, neck and back, nail dystrophy and periungual fibromas on fingers and toes. An electroencephalogram produced normal results, but magnetic resonance imaging showed a nodular image measuring 1.2 x 1.0 cm close to the Monro foramen, which was similar to cerebral parenchyma and compatible with a subependymal giant-cell astrocytoma. A conservative approach was taken, through control imaging examinations on the lesion for seven years, with absence of any expansive process or neurological symptoms. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a solid, heterogenic and echogenic mass with a calcified focus, measuring 4.6 x 3.4 cm, in the right kidney, compatible with angiomyolipoma. The patient was treated by means of complete nephrectomy because of malignant areas seen on histopathological examination and died one month after the procedure. This case report illustrates the importance of oral clinical findings such as dental enamel pits and angiofibromas in making an early diagnosis of TSC, with subsequent screening examinations, treatment and genetic counseling. RESUMO CONTEXTO:O complexo esclerose tuberosa é uma doença genética pertencente ao grupo das facomatoses, de herança autossômica dominante, caracterizada por lesões acometendo pele e anexos, além de tumores do sistema nervoso central e periférico, com presença de achados neurólogicos e psiquiátricos, podendo acometer coração, rins, olhos, dentes, mucosa oral e outros órgãos. RELATO DE CASO: Apresentamos o caso de um paciente do sexo masculino, 66 anos de idade, que apresentava diversos sinais dermatológicos, como máculas hipopigmentadas, lesões em confete, placas tipo shagreen, angiofibromas nas regiões cervical, nasolabial e dorsal, distrofias ungueais e fibromas nos dedos das mãos e pés. Embora o encefalograma não tenha mostrado alterações, a ressonância nuclear magnéti-ca apresentou imagem nodular com aspecto semelhante ao parênquima cerebral, medindo 1.2 x 1.0 cm e próxima ao forame de Monro, compatível com astrocitoma subependimário de células gigantes. Abordagem conservadora foi escolhida por meio de controle imaginológico da lesão por sete anos, com ausência de sintomas neurológicos ou processos expansivos. A ultrassonografia de abdômen total revelou massa medindo 4.6 x 3.4 cm, com áreas ecogênicas e heterogêneas, apresentando focos de calcificação no rim direito, com padrão semelhante ao de um angiomiolipoma. O paciente foi submetido a nefrectomia total, devido à presença de áreas de malignidade ao exam...

Tuberous sclerosis complex: A case report

“…Our case presented with three major features – facial angiofibromas, Köenen tumors and subependymal nodules and two minor features – gingival fibromas and enamel hypoplasia. [ 10 11 ]…”

Gingival Overgrowth Leading to the Diagnosis of Familial Tuberous Sclerosis Complex

“…Enamel pits seen in association with TSC may be associated with high risk of dental caries. Less frequent dental findings reported in association with TSC include high arched palate, bifid uvula, hare lip and/or cleft palate, delayed eruption of teeth, and presence of diastema [11]. The mutational analysis have also become an additional diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of cases of familial TSC.…”