Past, present, and future of COVID-19: a review

Romano, Camila Malta; Chebabo, Alberto; Levi, José Eduardo

doi:10.1590/1414-431x202010475

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…The diagnosis of COVID-19 acute infection is based on clinical features, but preferably con rmed by the detection of viral RNA in naso/oropharyngeal swabs by nucleic acid ampli cation methods such as realtime reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) and loop-mediated isothermal ampli cation (LAMP) [16,17,18]. Serologic tests for IgG, IgA and IgM anti-SARS-CoV-2, targeting different viral antigens, have recently been implemented in clinical practice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroconversion for SARS-CoV-2 in rheumatic patients on synthetic and biologics Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs in São Paulo, Brazil

Santana

Lopes

Perez

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Introduction - To date, there is a lack of information on how immunomodulatory drugs for autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARD) impair humoral immune response following SARS-CoV-2 exposure. Hence, we examined anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM positivity in ARD patients on Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs).Methods - We conducted a prospective study with ARD patients on different synthetic or biologic DMARDs (sDMARDs or bDMARDs) and control patients without DMARDs. All patients underwent a clinical baseline interview. They were tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM at baseline and three months later. Patients were monitored for incident respiratory symptoms during the follow-up. rRT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 was performed for suspected COVID-19 infection. A univariate analysis was conducted according to antibody positivity to find significant associations for seroconversion. Results - We included one hundred patients for the analysis. Half of the patients who turned IgG positive in the study remained asymptomatic. All positive rRT-PCR patients showed seroconversion for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG. A borderline significant association was found for bDMARD use in IgG positive patients (42.9% vs. 19.8%, p=0.056). On the other hand, none of the patients on non-antimalarial sDMARD had detectable anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG as compared to 35.4% of the remainder sample, reaching borderline statistical significance (0.0% vs. 35.4%, p=0.050). Conclusions - Serology for COVID-19 yielded a 14% incidence in our sample, half evolving asymptomatically. Temporally withholding bDMARD therapy in ARD patients during the pandemic based on possible humoral response impairment is not suitable. sDMARD was associated with a lower incidence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG positivity and further studies on this possible impact is warranted.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroconversion for SARS-CoV-2 in rheumatic patients on synthetic and biologics Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs in São Paulo, Brazil

Santana

Lopes

Perez

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Based on the data collected, researchers have identified several groups of symptoms associated with COVID-19. The most commonly observed ones include flu-like symptoms (with fever, chills, fatigue, and cough), cold-like symptoms (with rhinitis, sneezing, sore throat, and nasal congestion), joint and muscle pain, conjunctivitis, pulmonary symptoms (pneumonia, dyspnea), gastrointestinal symptoms (including diarrhea, nausea, and headaches), and loss of taste and smell [ 10 - 11 ]. Some patients may also experience delirium.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Elderly Patient Care: A New Reality of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic

Jankowska‐Polańska¹,

Sarzyńska²,

Pytel³

et al. 2021

Aging and disease

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Poland is among the European countries currently facing the second wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. A lot of studies confirm the mortality rate of COVID-19 increases with age. Considering the particularly adverse outcomes of a SARS-CoV-2 infection, preventing infections should be the priority for public health professionals. One method for preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections among eldery people may involve implementing procedures for limiting the spread of the pathogen, and providing education to medical staff, so as to bridge any gaps in knowledge on virus spread and post-infection or post-exposure management. Three residential medical centers in Poland were selected for evaluation of existing medical procedures to identify any errors in the current procedures applied for the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 spread in the facility. The project involved 4 steps: (1) Audit of the existing medical procedures; (2) Knowledge evaluation for the staff (n=185) in the senior- and disabled care facilities, administration of a knowledge test developed by the authors to assess knowledge on SARS-CoV-2 prevention; (3) Training for medical staff; (4) Updates and implementation of procedures. The knowledge test conducted revealed a lack of knowledge of medical personnel about SARS-CoV-2. The deficiencies of the surveyed group varied depending on the place of employment. Almost half of the surveyed medical centers (center No. 1 (52%) vs. center No. 2 (44%) vs. center No. 3(59%)) believed that elderly people usually do not show symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In the facility No. 1, 70% of respondents did know that SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted via the alimentary route compared to center No. 2 and No. 3 where knowledge about it showed only 28,9% and 24,8% responders, respectively. Also, in facility No. 1, the least among the studied group (67%) knew that people with comorbidities were at risk of covid-19 compared to respondents from facility No. 2 and 3, where, respectively, 100% and 93% had such knowledge. Only 33.3% of the staff of facility No. 1 knew how to deal with a patient who will present symptoms such as temp >38 degrees with coughing or dyspnea while in institution No. 2 and 3, this knowledge was slightly higher at 44% and 60% respectively. The audit of the existing hygiene procedures used to limit the risk of SARS-CoV-2 spread demonstrated a number of shortcomings. Employees at the residential medical care centers included in the study had gaps in knowledge on the spread of SARS-CoV-2. The training sessions implemented at the next stage improved knowledge on SARS-CoV-2 infections. Additionally, decisions were made to modify certain procedures and introduce new ones to better prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2.

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“…Até termos uma ampla disponibilidade de vacinas, é provável que o SARS-CoV-2 continuará a causar surtos, exigindo novas rodadas de distanciamento social e proteção a grupos suscetíveis. Máscaras serão obrigatórias em espaços públicos e eventos (Romano;Chebabo & LEVI, 2020).…”

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Avaliação do protocolo sanitário contra a COVID-19 adotado por uma Instituição de Ensino Superior na Cidade de Manaus

Neto

Bessa

Silva³

et al. 2021

RSD

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Ao final de 2019 e ao longo de 2020 o mundo deparou-se com uma doença causada pelo novo coronavírus, levando muitos governos e instituições a repensarem suas formas de atuarem para controlar esta pandemia. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a o protocolo sanitário contra a COVID-19 adotado por uma Instituição de Ensino Superior de Manaus, verificando a percepção da comunidade acadêmica, o atendimento às normas previstas pelos órgãos competentes, os principais aspectos adotados e a progressão da doença no local. Foi realizado um estudo de caso com levantamentos por meio de pesquisa aplicada com uso de questionário estruturado para avaliar à evolução da doença, a percepção dos participantes, o protocolo ambiental e sanitário adotado, verificando os principais aspectos relacionados à contenção da disseminação desse vírus bem como visitas à instituição para verificar o atendimento às normas estabelecidas pelo protocolo, identificando as medidas elencadas e realizadas pela Instituição. As ações praticadas foram positivas e contribuíram para o controle da doença na instituição, fazendo a comunidade acadêmica se sentisse segura. Foram observadas algumas poucas não conformidades no cumprimento do protocolo, devendo a instituição intensificar a fiscalização. O retorno presencial divide opiniões, sendo preferido o modo “semipresencial” (50% em sala e 50% remota). Em virtude da crise na saúde em Manaus, recomenda-se que as aulas sejam realizadas de forma integralmente remotas enquanto os números de casos não retornarem até os níveis mais baixos observados pelas autoridades e a vacinação da população não progredir conforme o esperado.

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Past, present, and future of COVID-19: a review

Cited by 12 publications

References 71 publications

Seroconversion for SARS-CoV-2 in rheumatic patients on synthetic and biologics Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs in São Paulo, Brazil

Seroconversion for SARS-CoV-2 in rheumatic patients on synthetic and biologics Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs in São Paulo, Brazil

Elderly Patient Care: A New Reality of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic

Avaliação do protocolo sanitário contra a COVID-19 adotado por uma Instituição de Ensino Superior na Cidade de Manaus

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