Gestão da Educação e do Trabalho em Saúde no SUS: trinta anos de avanços e desafios

Abstract

This article presents a historical analysis of work management and education in the healthcare field over the three decades since the creation of Brazil's Unified Health System (SUS, acronym in Portuguese). Using the sociology of professions as a frame of reference, it addresses the following topics: the health labor market; trends in healthcare employment; the healthcare workforce; and the regulation and dynamics of undergraduate programs in the health field. It analyzes each of the moments that characterize the area, from the pre-SUS period to the present day. The period has witnessed the following: a boom in health schools, largely in the private sector; an overall increase in the level of education of health professionals , an increase in regional inequity; an alarming increase in distance learning programs; an imbalance between labor supply and demand; the expansion of installed capacity; the municipalization of health employment; an increased focus on multiprofessional teams; and an increase in precarious work and informal contractual relationships and deterioration of pay levels.

A retomada do processo de implementação da Política Nacional de Educação Permanente em Saúde no Brasil

“…In the case of Brazil, it is important to recognize that the process of construction of the Unified Health System (SUS) 3 , over the last 30 years, has contemplated the implementation of policies and programs that resulted in the decentralization of management, expansion of coverage of the actions and reorganization of health services 4 , having as one of the consequences the reconfiguration of the labor market in the sector and the considerable increase of the labor force directly or indirectly linked to the production of health services and actions at many levels of complexity 5 .…”

“…This process has placed the need to promote changes/transformations in the staff training, either in undergraduate and postgraduate courses, and in the scope of services, through actions of permanent education, which accentuated the concern with the relations between the institutions that make up the personnel training system and the health system 5,6 , a topic that challenges scholars, managers and health professionals.…”

Reflexões sobre a formação em Enfermagem no Brasil a partir da regulamentação do Sistema Único de Saúde

“…The public sector health work market has expanded, both from a perspective of scale (number of workers) and scope (expanded field of practice and list of practices and the leading role of the professions). Given the implementation of new health policies, programs, actions, and services, jobs were expanded, and the geographical axis of health work began to shift from the large centers to the inland regions, and the municipalities were consolidated as leading employers in the sector 2 . Thus, the SUS demanded conceptual, technical, and ideological changes, and health education became a tool for the transformation of praxis and the (re) organization of services 3 .…”

Passagem de plantão em um serviço hospitalar de emergência: perspectivas de uma equipe multiprofissional

“…A atuação na área da saúde é permeada de subjetividade, essencialmente relacional, que agrega tecnologias leves, leves-duras e duras no processo saúde-doença-cuidado 1 .…”

“…O campo da saúde é altamente proficiente em relação ao desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico, associado à produção e utilização de bens e serviços 2 . Em consequência, exige-se dos trabalhadores uma formação de qualidade, educação permanente e competências específicas para o atendimento de demandas do mercado de trabalho 1 .…”