A Visão Relacional De Políticas De Ciência E Tecnologia: O Caso Do Programa Ci Brasil

Abstract

RESUMO A literatura sobre cooperação interorganizacional tem trazido ao debate acadêmico, especialmente das últimas duas décadas, uma reflexão sobre os resultados da atuação conjunta de diversos atores para alcançar fins comuns. Essa forma de pensar os meios para alcançar os fins pretendidos foi denominada por Dyer e Singh (1998) como "visão relacional". De acordo com a visão relacional, a estratégia coletiva cria uma fonte inimitável de recursos através de uma rede com acesso valioso a informações, compartilhamento de conhecimento, complementaridade de recursos e governança. O presente estudo visa ao entendimento sobre como os Governos utilizam a visão relacional para desenvolver com maior eficácia suas políticas públicas de ciência e tecnologia. A estratégia de pesquisa utilizada foi o estudo de caso e o objeto empírico analisado foi o Programa Governamental de Circuitos Integrados - CI Brasil, que foi criado com o objetivo de desenvolver recursos humanos qualificados à indústria brasileira de semicondutores. O objetivo do artigo é trazer evidências sobre como uma política pública, em uma área complexa de ciência e tecnologia, pode ser colocada em prática por meio de uma ação articulada entre diversos atores públicos e privados. O artigo enfatiza a importância das relações recíprocas entre Universidade, Indústria e Governo para a eficácia na implementação de políticas públicas.

Open innovation in the semiconductor industry: analysis of Brazilian design houses

“…However, there is a concern regarding the continuity of the program in the long term, as pointed out by Breier et al, (2013) and Motta & Maia (2015) Only one of the interviewees stated the current model of the Programa CI-Brasil is not suitable, despite training qualified professionals, they do not meet the demand of the market. The studies of Faccin et al (2016b) and Motta & Maia (2015) diverge. According to the authors, the trained or created professionals by the program had good acceptance in the market The specialists also showed different points of view on the availability and adequacy of financial resources for the industry by developing agencies Two of the specialists interviewed believe the provision of these resources has been adequate and satisfactory for the development of innovation in the industry, despite pointing out problems in the payment received by the fellows and the bureaucracy for releasing the payment.…”

“…Despite considering the market demands, the incentive to the creation of DHs by these professionals was a strategy not explored appropriately. Authors such as Faccin et al (2016b) and Motta & Maia (2015) The manager of DH-1 admitted the adequacy of resources made available by development agencies should be related to governmental projects with clear goals and objectives. They must be established by industrial policy, especially for long term.…”

“…However, there is also a concern regarding the continuity of the program in the long term As well as the managers of the DHs, Breier et al (2013) and Motta & Maia (2015) affirm that in the semiconductor industry, investments in R&D should be continuous to ensure the success of these actions There is no consensus for managers of DHs on the availability and adequacy of financial resources for the industry by means of developing agencies Only the manager of DH-1 believes they are appropriate. For the managers of DHs 2 and 3, investments are not enough and need to be adjusted considering the resources needed to develop projects in microelectronics As observed in other countries (Wu et al, 2015(Wu et al, , 2019, authors such as Faccin et al (2016b), Lima et al (2015) and the ABISEMI (2018) reaffirm the importance of Brazilian Government actions in the semiconductor industry, as the industry depends on incentives and requires support policies designed in the long term Future of microelectronics in Brazil On the future of microelectronics in Brazil, the interviewee of DH-3 did not opine on the subject. The managers of the DHs 1 and 2 consider the industry is still at the beginning of the walk to become technologically independent, and strategies focused on the foreign market and the exploitation of new aspects should be adopted, for the development of industry Managers suggest improvements on the payment of professionals of the industry, improvement of incentive policies, investments provided by the government, and exploitation of new market opportunities, both in the industry and in the DHs In accordance with the interviewees, ABDI (2014) and the ABISEMI (2019a) believe in the amplitude of new possibilities in the semiconductor sector in Brazil, as it represents a relevant market for the electronic complex and presents business opportunities, nationally and in Latin America Source: Field study Table V.…”

“…For future research, it is suggested to compare the strategies adopted by DHs connected to Programa CI-Brazil with the ones adopted by DHs of the private sector; and to evaluate Categories of analysis Perception of specialists industry. Although they are appropriate for training the human resources in the field On the dependence and the importance of the government for the semiconductor industry in Brazil, authors such as Lima et al (2015), Faccin et al (2016b), the ABDI (2014) and ABISEMI (2018) reaffirmed the importance of the continuity and improvement of these policies for the development of industry in the country Future of microelectronics in Brazil Only one of the specialists interviewed sees a promising future for the microelectronics in Brazil. He says there is demand for solutions to regional problems, and opportunities in the development of microelectronic solutions and related fields, in agreement with the ABDI (2014) and the ABISEMI (2019a) The other respondents believe the industry's future is uncertain.…”

Análise dos índices de inovação e os resultados recentes da balança comercial brasileira

“…O objetivo macro foi de fomentar o desenvolvimento do conhecimento, da tecnologia nacional e promover a inovação nos diversos setores do país dentro do contexto de um Sistema Nacional de Inovação (SNI) (RAMOS, 2018;CIRANI;CAMPANÁRIO;SILVA, 2015;PINHEIRO, 2013). De fato, nas últimas décadas o governo brasileiro desenvolveu esforços na consolidação do SNI, buscando fortalecer as instituições de pesquisa desde sua infraestrutura, como na formação dos pesquisadores (FACCIN; BORTOLASO; BALESTRIN, 2016), passando pelo financiamento direto dos projetos de inovação através de recursos a fundo perdido como também com linhas de financiamento a juros subsidiados. Ainda, buscou incentivar o setor produtivo a investir em pesquisa, desenvolvimento e inovação através de leis de incentivo fiscal (Lei do Bem nº 11.195/2005, por exemplo) e também com a Lei de Inovação nº 10.973/2004 e suas atualizações, avançando positivamente em vários aspectos, fomentando a parceria público e privado (PARANHOS; CATALDO; PINTO, 2018;IPEA, 2017;PINHEIRO, 2013).…”