Mining as a tool for reclamation of a Degraded Area

Abstract

Any human activity causes environmental degradation, resulting in a continuous deterioration of environmental quality (water, air or soil). While mining is also an activity that causes degradation of the environment, it is essential for the continuity of life as it is known. On the other hand, paradoxically, by keeping life in this way, we are contributing to its cessation. This leads us to look for alternatives to reduce the impact of mining activities. The Reclamation of degraded areas may be an alternative, as it can mitigate the current picture of continuous environmental degradation.However, Degraded Areas not always follow a mining operation. This article presents a case where mining is the tool used to technically and financially allow the Reclamation of a degraded area.keywords: Mining, Degradation Areas, Reclamation of Degraded Areas. Resumo Qualquer atividade humana provoca degradação ambiental, resultando em contínua deterioração da qualidade ambiental (da água, do ar ou do solo). A mine-

Forest restoration assessment in Brazilian Amazonia: A new clustering-based methodology considering the reference ecosystem

“…In restoration ecology, the aim is to create an ecosystem that is both functional and provides habitats for many different organisms, usually targeting the condition of the preserved ecosystem (Rosenfield and Müller, 2017). In forest restoration, this usually means planting the same native species found in the reference ecosystem, aiming to create a similar community in terms of species composition (Leinfelder et al, 2015;Rodrigues et al, 2009). Although planting a large number of species may increase biodiversity to ensure that the restored site will resemble the mature forest, this does not necessarily occur, because the optimal environmental conditions needed for the development of native species may not be achieved (Rosenfield and Müller, 2017;Suganuma and Durigan, 2014;Parrotta and Knowles, 2001).…”

“…Since these ecosystems present high levels of complexity, both qualitative and quantitative, the evaluation of restored environments and the outcomes of land reclamation remains a very difficult task, especially in terms of understanding how to measure it and how to know when the reclamation ends (Leinfelder et al, 2015). Considering forest restoration, comparison with reference ecosystems has been highlighted as a crucial aspect, since it can provide criteria to evaluate the outcomes of actions performed and identify existing technical limitations that may not allow a full restoration (Rosenfield and Müller, 2017;Lei et al, 2016;Ribeiro et al, 2016).…”

Análise da morfométrica de agregados do solo em áreas mineradas em diferentes estágios de recuperação na Amazônia

“…Consequentemente, as áreas degradadas podem compor um mosaico de ambientes alterados, dificultando o reestabelecimento dos processos ecossistêmicos preexistentes, pelas alterações ambientais promovidas (FENGLER et al, 2021). Os programas de recuperação de áreas degradadas representam um componente essencial no desenvolvimento do setor de mineração no Brasil, buscando mitigar os impactos negativos e compensar os danos ambientais causados, para recomposição da capacidade produtiva das terras que foram degradadas, seja pela restauração florestal, quando possível, ou a recomposição da capacidade produtiva do local com outro uso (LEINFELDER, et al, 2015;MMA, 2015;LEI et al, 2016).…”

Aplicabilidade do ponto de entrega voluntária como coleta seletiva

“…Some sudies that explore this topic are still sparse. The few examples in literature, commonly relied on planting of either native or exotic forest species to rapidly establish tree cover on reclaimed mine sites and thereby facilitate natural forest succession, have demonstrated that the endpoints obtained in the forest restoration are highly dependent on soils properties of the mined environments (Leinfelder et al, 2015;Sousa et al, 2011). The post-mined soil properties had a high influence in the formed ecosystems, leading to apart characteristics from the reference ecosystems, due to the permanent environmental damage (Mukhopadhyay, 2016;Ribeiro et al, 2016;Yada, et al, 2015).…”