A questão identitária na pós-modernidade: autenticidade e individualismo em Charles Taylor

Marcon, Gilberto Hoffmann; Furlan, Reinaldo

doi:10.1590/0103-6564e190048

Cited by 3 publications

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“…In particular, a meaningful analysis of Charles Taylor's position is contained in the book Philosophy in an Age of Pluralism: The Philosophy of Charles Taylor in Question (Tully & Weinstock, 1994). In a recent publication, G. H. Marcon and R. Furlan (2020), characterizing Taylor's position, point to his excessive individualism in the process of trying to overcome the "malaises" of today. Although the authors aim to synthetically understand this problem and explore ways to overcome it, we also believe that they are captivated by the paradigm proposed by Taylor and do not focus on the phase transition that took place in the Western world in the 1970s of the last century.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charles Taylor’s Ideal of Modern Identity in the Context of the "Liquid Modernity" Realities

Liakh

2022

AMPR

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Purpose. The article aims, through a comparison of the modern identity as presented in Charles Taylor’s concept with the Postmodern era identities, to show the strengths and weaknesses of Charles Taylor’s position on preserving or prolonging the Modern era identity to our time, as well as to define the specifics of liquid modernity compared to the New Age. Theoretical basis. Given the relevance of the topic of the human search for authentic existence in the modern world, the author analyzes Taylor’s belief that the moral ideal of authentic identity emerged in the New Age. This ideal to contrast the idea of it in the previous periods is not set from the outside but is formed or created by a human himself. In addition, it is so powerful and productive that it must be fought for nowadays. After Taylor, since the existence of modern people tends to experience negative distortions associated with the focus on consumer individualism, instrumental thinking, and their loss of political freedom, the only possible way out is to turn to the ideal of authenticity of modern times. However, the article emphasizes that the modern studies of the Second Modernity (U. Beck) or liquid modernity (Z. Bauman) show a rather radical change in social reality, which, accordingly, requires new types of identity. Originality. The article argues that the identity formed in the New Age had signs of authenticity only owing to the socio-economic system of the time that formed a human as a self-acting being who determines his or her destiny. This person was characterized by such traits as individualism, self-sufficiency, self-reliance, victory, heroism, and so on. However, the article emphasizes that today the situation has changed radically, as the reality of the Postmodern era is characterized by the fact that instead of stable, clearly defined life forms and institutions we are dealing with changing, fluid, "liquid" (Z. Bauman) institutions and behaviours of people. Diversity, uncertainty, and pluralism are the hallmarks of this era that need to be taken into account in one way or another. Therefore, although Taylor’s arguments for defending the modern identity are logically invulnerable, they have the disadvantage of not taking into account the irreversibility of the changes that have taken place in modern reality. Therefore, the ideal of authenticity formed in the New Age may not be adequate in the times of pluralism and the development of other dimensions of identity. Conclusions. Taylor’s interpretation of modern authenticity was based on the idea of man as one who constantly constructs himself and is focused on the future, which we can imagine, plan and make some effort to achieve. This position of Taylor is criticized in the article. I substantiate the view that both the moral ideal and its components can change in the process of historical development. This becomes clear if we take into account the gap that manifested itself in the shift of value orientations during the transition from the Modern to the Postmodern era. Nowadays, we have a process of changing the basic conditions that determined the identity of a modern human, and the formation of new basic conditions that are suggested as requiring identity redefinition in a post-industrial network society.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charles Taylor’s Ideal of Modern Identity in the Context of the "Liquid Modernity" Realities

Liakh

2022

AMPR

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“…Assim, compreendemos que uma investigação teórica do conceito de self sob uma perspectiva fenomenológica -ou seja, preocupada sobretudo com a possibilidade metodológica de abordar tais questões sob um critério rigorosamente descritivo da experiência concreta -guarda especial interesse no sentido de contribuir com o estudo do tema em termos de seus fundamentos (Moran, 2009). Ao mesmo tempo, reconhecemos com Taylor (1991Taylor ( /2011 que o tema da autenticidade aparece no bojo das discussões contemporâneas a respeito do self como um de seus constituintes de central importância (Marcon & Furlan, 2020). Assim, dentre as questões subjacentes à problemática mais ampla do self, entendemos que a autenticidade se apresenta como privilegiada para nossa discussão, na medida em que o tema redobra as tensões epistemológicas acerca do self em um âmbito ético, no qual se expressam de forma patente as dimensões concretas de conceitos fundamentais como identidade, singularidade e relacionabilidade.…”

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Self e Autenticidade: Dilemas Conceituais sob a Perspectiva de Merleau-Ponty

Marcon

Furlan

2020

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Propomos mapear as implicações do pensamento fenomenológico para as temáticas correlatas do self e da autenticidade, com ênfase na perspectiva merleau-pontyana. Perpassando as acepções distintas dos fatores identitário, unitário e relacional da experiência humana, encontramos três eixos tensionais em torno dos quais o conceito de self pode ser articulado: constância ou mudança, particularidade ou universal e pessoa ou mundo. Sob os diferentes enfoques descritivos deste campo de problemas, tais dilemas epistemológicos encontram-se redobrados em tensões éticas quando nos reportamos à questão da autenticidade. Enquanto as filosofias de Heidegger e Sartre, sob aproximações diferentes, concedem relativa centralidade à problemática da autenticidade, a fenomenologia de Merleau-Ponty, mesmo situada no diálogo direto com tais aportes de raiz comum husserliana, não concede ao tema a mesma importância de forma explícita. Ao tematizar o caráter eminentemente ambíguo da corporeidade, Merleau-Ponty oferece uma compreensão original da experiência do self e do ser autêntico: em contraponto à possibilidade radical de recuo, a inerência radical de contato. Concluímos que tal perspectiva apresenta como ganho a habilitação da apreensão descritiva, sem cair em contradição, do que há de concretude no indeterminado, de universal na singularização e de passividade na liberdade - e vice-versa, para todos os casos.

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Argumentación ética en la donación de riñón de donante vivo y sano

Rubio

2023

Rev. latinoam. bioet

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El gesto altruista del donante vivo y sano de riñón, relacionado genética o sentimentalmente, se basa en la autodeterminación, voluntad, y generosidad. La argumentación ética alrededor de la donación de riñón de donante vivo y sano se orienta con las éticas principialista y personalista, la dignidad humana, la corporalidad, la divisibilidad del cuerpo, el mal menor y el mal mayor. Hace parte del derecho a la información amplia y suficiente que recibe el donante sobre los riesgos y posibles complicaciones físicas y morales del procedimiento, por medio del comité de bioética y el grupo de trasplantes. Con base a la argumentación ética planteada se procedió a contestar la pregunta de esta investigación: ¿se debe dejar que una persona viva y sana sea sometida a una cirugía que le dejará mononéfrico de por vida, solo por el deseo de ayudar a otro, a pesar de que existen programas activos con donante cadavérico? El objetivo de este artículo es plantear una argumentación ética sobre la donación de riñón de donante vivo y sano que contribuya a una adecuada orientación de su decisión.

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A questão identitária na pós-modernidade: autenticidade e individualismo em Charles Taylor

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Charles Taylor’s Ideal of Modern Identity in the Context of the "Liquid Modernity" Realities

Charles Taylor’s Ideal of Modern Identity in the Context of the "Liquid Modernity" Realities

Self e Autenticidade: Dilemas Conceituais sob a Perspectiva de Merleau-Ponty

Argumentación ética en la donación de riñón de donante vivo y sano

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