Quantitative Assessment of Root Canal Roughness with Calcium-Based Hypochlorite Irrigants by 3D CLSM

Abstract

Chemical solutions play important roles in endodontic treatment and promote ultrastructural changes in dentin surface. The aim of this study was to quantify root canal roughness at different concentrations of calcium hypochlorite (Ca(OCl)2) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Fifty-two human mandibular premolars were sectioned and randomly organized into thirteen groups (n=8): saline (control); 1%, 2.5% and 5% NaOCl; 1%, 2.5% and 5% Ca(OCl)2; the hypochlorite groups were further divided into with or without EDTA. The chlorine concentrations of the different solutions were measured by iodine titration (%). The superficial roughness (Sa) was quantified by CLSM. Ca(OCl)2 presented substantial decrease in chlorine concentration that differed from the package indication, but without compromising the dentin ultrastructure changes. There were no significant differences in dentin roughness between Ca(OCl)2 or NaOCl at all studied concentrations. The combination with EDTA provided similar roughness values among the solutions (p>0.05). The 5% Ca(OCl)2 and NaOCl solutions significantly increased dentin roughness and did not differ from the EDTA association (p>0.05). Ca(OCl)2 promoted similar dentin roughness as the NaOCl at the same concentrations and combined with EDTA. It may be concluded that Ca(OCl)2 modified the root canal dentin roughness similarly to NaOCl, at the same concentrations and EDTA combinations used in this study. Ca(OCl)2 and NaOCl, both at 5%, significantly altered dentin roughness, overcoming EDTA association, thus Ca(OCl)2 concentrations ranging from 1% to 2.5% may be suitable solutions for root canal irrigation protocols.

Effect of Post-Space Irrigation with NaOCl And CaOCl at Different Concentrations on the Bond Strength of Posts Cemented with a Self-Adhesive Resin Cement

“…Nevertheless, there is a lack of consistent information regarding the chemical properties of CaOCl at different concentrations, as well as their interaction with dentinal properties. CaOCl modifies the root canal dentin roughness similarly to NaOCl (21). These alterations promoted by both irrigants can explain the similar bond strength values obtained in this study irrespective of the concentration of NaOCl or CaOCl employed.…”

Evaluation of Intraradicular Surface Roughness Following Final Irrigation by Apple Vinegar and its Correlation with Resin Sealer Bond Strength

“…Irrigating solutions have important role in endodontic treatment and allow topographical differences in dentin surface (3) . Chelating agents during root canals preparation have the ability of smear layer (SL) removal, so the amount of the irrigant that enter the dentinal tubules increased for adequate disinfection (4) .…”

1064-nm Nd:YAG and 980-nm Diode Laser EDTA Agitation on the Retention of an Epoxy-Based Sealer to Root Dentin

“…However, due to its limited effects on inorganic materials from the smear layer and its cytotoxicity at higher concentrations (4), alternative solutions have been developed to complement root canal irrigation (5,6). Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) was developed as a predictable means of canal irrigation for smear layer removal and a complement to NaOCl interaction with root canal systems, without significantly modifying dentin ultrastructure (7,8).…”