Evaluation of Intraradicular Surface Roughness Following Final Irrigation by Apple Vinegar and its Correlation with Resin Sealer Bond Strength

Abstract

Purpose Assessment of the surface roughness of root canal and its correlation with Resin Sealer Bond Strength following final irrigation by apple vinegar. Material and methods 50 extracted lower premolars were selected and prepared using Universal ProTaper rotary files and 14 ml 2.6% NaOCL then the samples were equally distributed into 2 main groups (20 samples each) depending on the type of the final rinse. Group I: Apple vinegar (AV), Group II: 17 % Ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA), Control group (10 samples): sterile saline. Each main group was further equally distributed into 2subgroups (10 samples each). Subgroup A: For surface roughness evaluation. Subgroup B: For push out bond strength evaluation. Surface roughness was evaluated using digital microscope. The push out bond strength test was carried on using universal testing machine. The sealer penetration inside the dentinal tubules was seen under scanning electron microscope (SEM) in selected samples. Results Regarding the results of subgroup A, at all levels, the highest value of the average roughness deviation (Ra) was recorded in samples treated with 17% EDTA, while the lowest value was recorded with the saline group and there was no statistical significant difference among the tested groups. Regarding the results of subgroup B, at all levels, the highest median push out bond strength was recorded in samples treated with 17% EDTA, while the lowest value was recorded with the saline group and there was no statistical significant difference among the tested groups except at the apical levels where the difference statistically significant among the tested groups. SEM observation of sealer/ dentin interface revealed few traces of sealer penetration with samples treated with 17% EDTA and AV. Conclusion EDTA 17% as a final rinse produced higher value of surface roughness compared to AV. The push out bond strength results of AV was comparable to that of 17%EDTA when applicated as a final rinse. There is a linear relation between Ra and the push out bond strength of resin sealer in Groups I, II.

Effects of Different Natural Irrigant Solutions on Surface Roughness of Root Canal Dentin Using Quantitative Topographical 3d Surface Texture Analysis

“…In contrast, chitosan is a weak chelating agent, its impact confined to smear layer cleanliness and demineralizes less dentin surface, and makes contact with intraradicular dentin surface induce remineralization of demineralized dentin through covalent interaction of chitosan to dentin collagen which may be attributed to phosphate groups that can attract calcium ions that represent satisfactory surface for nucleation of crystals forming calcium-phosphate layer. This result was in accordance to the other studies reported that EDTA produced surface roughness greater than that of chitosan and its nano counterpart (28,(30)(31)(32) .…”

“…This results were in accordance with the study results reported that apple vinegar as fruit extract produced high surface roughness, and another reported that maleic acid recorded highest roughness compared to citric acid and EDTA (24)(25)(26)(27) . However; it was in contrast with results of study that reported that 17% EDTA formed higher value of surface roughness compared to 5% apple vinegar, but the other study applied the irrigating solutions for 1 minute while in this study the were applied for 3 minutes which expected to permit extra chelation effect and greater surface roughness (25,28) .…”

Push-out Bond Strength of Endoseal MTA and AH Plus Sealers After Using Apple Vinegar as Final Irrigating Solution

“…The effect of the finishing irrigating solution on the value of bond strength of AH Plus showed that the using of EDTA in subgroup IA improved the bond strength compared to apple vinegar in Push-out Bond Strength of Endoseal MTA and AH Plus Sealers after Using Apple Vinegar (619) subgroup II A. These results can interpreted on base that using EDTA produce higher demineralization impact which subsequently expose extra collage network that improve AH Plus adhesion, since the covalent bond formed between sealer epoxy rings and the exposed collagen amine groups (30) . EDTA also resulted in higher surface roughness compared to apple vinegar that provide micro-irregularities improving retention of resin tags sealers and increasing the bond strength (31) .…”

Comparison of the push-out bond strength of AH Plus sealer to dentin after using different herbal irrigation solutions as the final rinse

“…Since irrigants can affect the bond strength of resin sealers [ 31 – 33 ], the current study was conducted to evaluate the effect of using herbal extracts (Cinnamomum zeylanicum [CZ] and Cuminum cyminum) as irrigation solutions on the push-out bond strength of AH Plus sealer.…”