Alveolar Bone Pattern and Salivary Leptin Levels Among Premenopausal Obese Women

Abstract

Background: Systemic bone loss may lead to more severe periodontal destruction, decreasing local bone mineral density. Aim: A cross-sectional designed was performed to study associations among alveolar bone pattern, salivary leptin concentrations, and clinical periodontal status in premenopausal obese and eutrophic women. Methods:Thirty morbid obese (G1) and 30 normal-weight (G2) women were included. Anthropometric and periodontal measurements (probing depth - PD, clinical attachment levels - CAL, presence of calculus, bleeding on probing -BOP, and plaque accumulation) were assessed. OHIP-14 was used for assessment of oral health impact on quality of life. Panoramic radiography was used to obtain the panoramic mandibular index (PMI), mandibular cortical index (MCI), and mental index (MI). Intraoral periapical (PA) radiography was taken to measure the total trabecular bone volume. Leptin was measured in saliva of fasted overnight women. Results:Groups 1 and 2 differed in all anthropometric aspects, but height. Pocket depth, calculus, BOP, and plaque index were worse in G1. No differences between groups were found considering OHIP. Normal-weight subjects showed higher proportion of dense bone trabeculae than obese subjects for pre-molars, but not for molars. Mental and panoramic mandibular indexes did not differ and were in normal level. Leptin concentration was dependent only on BMI. Conclusion:Obesity affected the periodontal conditions, the alveolar bone pattern, and the salivary leptin concentration.

Assessment of Alveolar Bone Pattern in Obese and Non-Obese Women, Before and After Bariatric Surgery: A Prospective Cohort Study

“…These signs may directly interfere with patients chewing capacity 27 , 8 and they will undergo hormonal changes in the future that directly interfere with bone remodeling (menopause and osteoporosis). These facts further aggravate bone loss after the operation 20 .…”

“…In a previous study conducted with premenopausal women to verify bone mineral density, it was shown that obese women had a lower proportion of dense bone trabeculae than non-obese women 20 .…”

“…It is an adipokine that may have an influence on bone metabolism. Sales-Peres et al (2019) 20 showed alveolar bone loss in obese patients, a factor that may compromise oral rehabilitative treatment. An action of leptin on bone metabolism is still controversial as it is involved in less than two different bone control mechanisms, directly stimulating growth or indirectly suppressing bone formation.…”

“…The trabecular pattern found in obese women favors faster bone loss due to its low density and occurs especially in women with osteoporosis 20 , 25 . This can get worse after surgery, as shown by the results of this research.…”

“…Evidence has shown that there is a relationship between obesity and bone loss in young adults 20 . Therefore, dental follow-up of morbidly obese patients should be performed in order to prevent the appearance of bone tissue complications, interfering with the quality of life of these patients.…”