Background: Bariatric surgery may have a negative impact on oral bone structure. Aim: To verify the alveolar bone pattern through radiomorphometric indices of panoramic radiography and linear measurements performed in periapical radiographs in eutrophic and morbidly obese patients before and after bariatric surgery. Methods: The sample consisted of 31 women aged 20-35 years old, divided into two groups: obese group (GO-obese grade III) and control group (GC-eutrophic). Twenty eutrophic and 11 obese morbidities were evaluated in the pre and postoperative bariatric surgery (six months). Radiomorphometric and plaque indices were evaluated at T0 (baseline) and T1 (six months) times, in both groups. In the radiographic analysis the trabecular pattern through the Lindh visual ladder and the bone loss were evaluated by calculating the distance from the cement-enamel junction to the bone crest in periapical radiographs. Panoramic radiographs were used to measure the mandibular cortical index (ICM), mentonian index (IM) and panoramic mandibular index (MPI), in addition to the Turesky plate index. Results: There was a significant loss of bone in T1 in patients submitted to bariatric surgery, when compared to eutrophic patients (p<0.05). The trabecular pattern became sparser after surgery with a visual difference. The plate index showed a slight improvement after surgery and the eutrophic maintained similar values over time. Conclusion: The standard alveolar bone presents greater bone loss in obese patients and worsens this standard after bariatric surgery when compared to eutrophic patients. The same happens with the trabecular pattern that becomes sparser after bariatric surgery.