Expression analysis of cell wall assembly and remodelling-related genes in Arabidopsis roots subjected to boron stress and brassinosteroid at different developmental stages

Abstract

Plant cell walls are affected by many biotic and abiotic stress conditions. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of 24-Epibrassinolide (EBL) on some cell wall-related genes in root tissue of five-and ten-week-old Arabidopsis thaliana plants exposed to boron (B) deficiency (0 µM) or toxicity (3000 µM) at the transcriptional level. Expressions of the genes that encode cellulose synthase (CESA1, CESA4, CESA6 and CESA8), cellulose synthase-like (CSLB5), expansin (EXPA5, EXPA8 and EXPA14) and cell wall protein (SEB1) decreased under conditions of B deficiency and toxicity. EBL treatments, in general, led the expressions of these genes to reduce significantly. Expressions of xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase genes (XTH21 and XTH23) changed only under conditions of B toxicity. Boron stress and/or EBL treatments caused different responses in expression of pectin methylesterase (PME2 and PME41) genes. As a result of B stress, the expression levels of investigated genes changed more in roots of five-weekold plants than in roots of ten-week-old plants. Results of the present study include new findings that support the ability of BRs to increase molecular aspects of tolerance to stress in plants.

Pectin Methylesterases: Cell Wall Remodeling Proteins Are Required for Plant Response to Heat Stress

“…In maize, some cell wall-related genes were up-regulated under salinity stress, including ZmXET1, ZmEXPA1, ZmEXPA3, ZmEXPA5, ZmEXPB1 , and ZmEXPB2 , to hydrolyze and rejoin xyloglucan molecules during cell-wall extension ( Li et al, 2014 ). When Arabidopsis plants were exposed to boron toxicity, the expression of genes that encode CesA ( CESA1, CESA4, CESA6 , and CESA8 ), and CesA-like CSLB5, EXPs ( EXPA5, EXP8 , and EXPA14 ) were reduced, while PMEs ( PME2 and PME41 ) showed a different expression pattern under boron stress and/or 24-epibrassinolide treatment ( İşkil and Surgun-Acar, 2018 ). Heat-tolerant, thermal Agrostis scabra, AsEXP1 was strongly induced by exposure to HS, is associated with thermotolerant grass germplasm ( Xu et al, 2007 ).…”

The brassinosteroid‐responsive xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase 19 (XTH19) and XTH23 genes are involved in lateral root development under salt stress in Arabidopsis

“…In the process, cell wall remodeling (CWR) occurs in the overlying tissues to promote cell separation and the passage of expanded LRPs. The expression of CWR genes must be strictly regulated to promote the occurrence of LRs (Iskil and Surgun‐Acar, 2018). Many studies have demonstrated that auxin regulates the spatial expression of CWR genes (Lewis et al ., 2013).…”

Genome-Wide Identification of Banana Csl Gene Family and Their Different Responses to Low Temperature between Chilling-Sensitive and Tolerant Cultivars

“…In the present study, most MaCsls were suppressed by LTs in both CS and CT banana cultivars. Similarly, boron deficiency resulted in the downregulation of CslB5 and several xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase proteins (XTHs) in Arabidopsis roots [ 37 , 38 ]. In spinach ( Spinacia oleracea L.), CslE1 was found to be inhibited by salinity stress and a combination of salinity and cadmium stress [ 36 ].…”

“…Plant Csl genes play substantial roles in developmental processes, such as root hair formation [ 6 ], the control of organ size [ 4 ], tiller number [ 3 ] and the maintenance of adherent mucilage structure [ 1 , 2 , 5 ]. Csl genes were also reported to be involved in plant resistance/tolerance to biotic or abiotic stresses, such as salt [ 35 , 36 ], boron (B) [ 37 , 38 ] or heavy metal [ 36 , 39 ] stress, as well as pathogen infection [ 32 , 40 , 41 ]. The responses of Csl genes or hemicellulose components to low temperatures (LTs) have been reported in many plant species, including banana [ 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ].…”