The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of healthcare professionals

Ornell, Felipe; Halpern, Silvia Chwartzmann; Kessler, Félix Henrique Paim; Narvaez, Joana Corrêa de Magalhães

doi:10.1590/0102-311x00063520

Cited by 283 publications

(347 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Similarly, during the SARS epidemic in Singapore, as many as 27% of medical service employees reported symptoms related to the mental sphere [ 32 ]. It should be stressed that this phenomenon concerns not only those people who are at the front line of the fight against the virus, but also those among us who are affected by the epidemic in terms of professional and organisational changes [ 33 , 34 ]. Future research should answer the question about the mental functioning of this group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental Health and the SARS-COV-2 Epidemic—Polish Research Study

Talarowska

Chodkiewicz

Nawrocka

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Background: The aim of this study was to assess the mental state of Poles in the first weeks of the SARS-COV-2 epidemic. Methods: In the study, the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-18), The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), and Mini-Cope were used. Results: The study was conducted on a group of 443 individuals, including 348 women (78.6%) and 95 men (21.4%). There were more women (χ2 = 6.42, p = 0.02) in the group of people with high results in the GHQ-28 questionnaire and the differentiating factors between those with sten scores above 7 (significantly deteriorated mental health) and those with average or low results (sten score below 7) turned out to be: treatment for mental disorders before the pandemic (χ2 = 19.57, p < 0.001) and the use of psychotherapy during the pandemic (χ2 = 4.21, p = 0.04) and psychiatric pharmacotherapy (χ2 = 8.31, p = 0.01). The presence of suicidal thoughts since the appearance of the pandemic-related restraints and limitations significantly differentiates the compared groups (χ2 = 38.48, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Every fourth person in the examined group (over 26% of the respondents) recorded results that indicate a high probability of mental functioning disorders. Approximately 10% of the respondents signalled the occurrence of suicidal thoughts since the beginning of the pandemic. The respondents complain mainly about problems in everyday life, lack of satisfaction from one’s own activities, tension, trouble sleeping, and feelings of exhaustion. Individuals with significantly reduced mental well-being use non-adaptive coping strategies, such as denying problems, emotional discharge, taking substances, discontinuation of action, and blaming themselves for the situation. The risk factors for the deterioration of the mental state of the respondents during the pandemic include psychiatric treatment before the beginning of the pandemic, the presence of suicidal thoughts during forced isolation, and the use of non-adaptive coping strategies (denial of the existence of problems, emotional discharge, use of psychoactive substances, discontinuation of action, and blaming oneself for the situation).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental Health and the SARS-COV-2 Epidemic—Polish Research Study

Talarowska

Chodkiewicz

Nawrocka

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…Bartone [55] detected not only the link between hardiness and stress, but even the power of hardiness to preserve an individual from stress-related diseases. Hence, individuals with a higher level of hardiness experience lower levels of stress and secondary trauma [57,58]. A meta-analytic study [59] revealed the association between high hardiness and active coping approaches, as well as between low hardiness and avoidance coping [60].…”

Section: Protective Factors Against Adverse Mental Health Outcomes Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19: Risk Factors and Protective Role of Resilience and Coping Strategies for Emergency Stress and Secondary Trauma in Medical Staff and Emergency Workers—An Online-Based Inquiry

et al. 2020

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The COVID-19 crisis has placed a heavy burden on medical staff and emergency workers, who may be at risk of developing psychological distress and secondary trauma. Coping and resilience to stress during a pandemic are protective factors that can mitigate the potential adverse psychological effects. Here, we investigated the direct and mediated effects of coping strategies and hardiness on secondary trauma among Italian medical staff (physicians and nurses, n = 140) and emergency workers (firefighters, civil protection, and ambulance personnel, n = 100) involved in the first phase of the pandemic. For this purpose, we collected data from participants through online questionnaires to measure emergency stress, coping strategies, hardiness, and secondary trauma. Other variables analyzed were age, sex, direct contact with COVID-19 patients, and use of personal protective equipment (PPE). We performed a correlational analysis, regressions, and a mediation analysis. The results show that nurses and physicians experienced higher levels of emergency stress than emergency workers. Direct contact with COVID-19 patients, female sex, unexpected events, and lack of PPE were risk factors for emergency stress, while resilience and coping strategies played a protective role. Mediation analysis shows that coping strategies and hardiness are protective factors and reduce the effect of stress on secondary trauma.

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“…The rapid transmission and mortality of COVID-19 result in both the emergence of new mental health problems and the exacerbation of pre-existing ones [5]. Death reports arriving from various countries, death count rising by the day, loss of loved ones, fear of transmitting the disease to loved ones, living apart from one's family to avoid infecting them, deaths among colleagues, working for extended periods with protective equipment, and stigmatization are all potential triggers of psychological problems [6][7][8][9][10]. Improved technology has differentiated the COVID-19 pandemic from other pandemics [11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, Distress and Insomnia and Related Factors in Healthcare Workers During COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey

et al. 2020

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of depression, anxiety, distress, and insomnia and related factors in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey. We applied the study survey online to HCWs during the pandemic in Turkey between 23 April and 23 May 2020. We used the sociodemographic data form, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, General Anxiety Disorder-7, Insomnia Severity Index, and Impact of Event Scale-Revised. Six hundred twenty (66.0%) of the 939 HCWs taking part in the study were female, 580 (61.8%) were physicians, 569 (60.6%) were working on the front line. Seven hundred twenty-nine (77.6%) participants exhibited depression, 565 (60.2%) anxiety, 473 (50.4%) insomnia, and 717 (76.4%) distress symptoms. Depression, anxiety, insomnia, and distress symptoms were significantly greater among females, individuals with a history of psychiatric illness, and individuals receiving psychiatric support during the COVID-19 pandemic. HCWs serving in Turkey during the COVID-19 pandemic experienced high levels of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and distress symptoms. Female gender, being a nurse, working on the front line, history of psychiatric illness, and being tested for COVID-19 were identified as risk factors for mental health problems.

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The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of healthcare professionals

Cited by 283 publications

References 10 publications

Mental Health and the SARS-COV-2 Epidemic—Polish Research Study

Mental Health and the SARS-COV-2 Epidemic—Polish Research Study

COVID-19: Risk Factors and Protective Role of Resilience and Coping Strategies for Emergency Stress and Secondary Trauma in Medical Staff and Emergency Workers—An Online-Based Inquiry

Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, Distress and Insomnia and Related Factors in Healthcare Workers During COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey

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