Social distancing and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 transmission: A case study from Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil

The Covid-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has shown how inadequate institutional strategies interact with, and exacerbate, social inequalities, thus impacting upon the intensity of the harm produced and amplifying negative consequences. One of the lessons from this pandemic, which happens against the background of other, interconnected systemic crises, is the urgency of adopting a ‘whole-of-society’ approach to determining what does and what does not work in the context of a health emergency response. However, how can institutional performance in health emergency response be assessed? How to make sense of success or failure? We argue that the adoption of a risk governance approach sheds light on institutional performance in the response to health emergencies. Risk governance is particularly pertinent in situations where the potential for extreme consequences is considered high, where there are enormous uncertainties regarding the consequences and where different values are present and in dispute. Based on a documentary evidence review, we analyse the Brazilian response to Covid-19 by considering: (1) how the Brazilian federal government performed on its central role of managing the national response, (2) the reactions from other actors prompted by this performance and (3) the main observed effects emerging from this scenario. We argue that the Brazilian federal government response was weak in five risk governance parameters that are essential in a health crisis response: risk communication, transparency and accessibility of data, negotiation between actors, social cohesion and public participation and decisions based on technical and scientific evidence, resources and contexts. The neglect of risk governance parameters, combined with an attempt to spread doubt, confusion and disinformation—which could be termed a ‘governance by chaos’—is an important element for making sense of the effects and controversies surrounding Covid-19 in Brazil.

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Risk governance in the response to global health emergencies: understanding the governance of chaos in Brazil’s handling of the Covid-19 pandemic

Giulio

Mendes

Campos

et al. 2023

Health Policy and Planning

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Fortalecer as atividades de informação e vigilância epidemiológica é essencial e urgente para reduzir a força de transmissão do SARS-CoV-2

Teixeira

Kerr

Ximenes

et al. 2021

Rev. bras. epidemiol.

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A Síndrome de Down ante a infecção por Coronavírus

Silva¹,

Nunes²,

França³

et al. 2021

RSD

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Este estudo teve como objetivo elucidar de que forma as alterações genéticas provocadas pela Síndrome de Down (SD) impactam nos casos de acometimento pelo SARS-CoV-2, além de expor como o isolamento social pode afetar negativamente a vida de indivíduos com SD. O estudo adotou o modelo de revisão literária qualitativa, através das bases de dados Google Acadêmico, SciELO e PubMed, por meio dos descritores “Down Syndrome” e “Coronavirus”, sendo selecionados vinte artigos. Percebeu-se que a SD é a forma genética mais comum de deficiência intelectual e as alterações que a trissomia do cromossomo 21 acarretam, impactam significativamente no curso da doença de pessoas com SD infectadas pelo Coronavírus, já que o sistema imune delas é hiperativado, com capacidade para gerar uma chuva de citocinas, que facilitará a entrada do vírus nas células, favorecendo, assim, a replicação viral. Ademais, notou-se que, mesmo o isolamento social sendo eficaz no combate à pandemia, ele pode acarretar diversos danos à saúde da população com SD, o que pode agravar certas comorbidades pré-existentes nesse grupo. Portanto, é muito relevante a vigilância e a capacitação dessa população e de suas famílias, para que previnam-se de forma correta – com técnica eficaz de lavagem de mãos e uso de equipamentos de barreira – minimizando a exposição ao vírus; e a socialização e a prática de atividade física – mesmo durante os períodos de quarentena e de forma remota – de maneira que preserve-se a saúde emocional e física desses indivíduos.

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Social distancing and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 transmission: A case study from Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil

Cited by 3 publications

References 9 publications

Risk governance in the response to global health emergencies: understanding the governance of chaos in Brazil’s handling of the Covid-19 pandemic

Risk governance in the response to global health emergencies: understanding the governance of chaos in Brazil’s handling of the Covid-19 pandemic

Fortalecer as atividades de informação e vigilância epidemiológica é essencial e urgente para reduzir a força de transmissão do SARS-CoV-2

A Síndrome de Down ante a infecção por Coronavírus

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