Growth performance of castor bean hybrids under different plant densities

Pivetta, Laerte Gustavo; Tomaz, Camila de Aquino; Fioreze, Samuel Luiz; Lara-Fioreze, Ana Carolina da Costa; Pivetta, Laércio Augusto; Zanotto, Maurício Dutra

doi:10.1590/0034-737x201764040009

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This crop is highly efficient in adjusting its morphology according to the plant density variations without compromising seed yield (Severino et al., 2017). For example, it has been reported that dense plant populations (>70,000 plants ha −1 ) increase leaf area index (LAI), which can lead to plant etiolation and alter biomass partitioning; even so, castor can ensure or also improve seed yield (Jeong et al., 2019; Pivetta et al., 2017; Severino et al., 2017; Soratto et al., 2011; 2012; Souza‐Schlick et al., 2014). The ability of castor plant to compensate wide plant arrangements or gaps to achieve high seed yield decreases under conditions of drought and low temperature, especially when these conditions occur between the vegetative and the beginning of reproductive phases (Pivetta et al., 2017; Severino et al., 2017; Soratto et al., 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, it has been reported that dense plant populations (>70,000 plants ha −1 ) increase leaf area index (LAI), which can lead to plant etiolation and alter biomass partitioning; even so, castor can ensure or also improve seed yield (Jeong et al., 2019; Pivetta et al., 2017; Severino et al., 2017; Soratto et al., 2011; 2012; Souza‐Schlick et al., 2014). The ability of castor plant to compensate wide plant arrangements or gaps to achieve high seed yield decreases under conditions of drought and low temperature, especially when these conditions occur between the vegetative and the beginning of reproductive phases (Pivetta et al., 2017; Severino et al., 2017; Soratto et al., 2012). The seed yield is compromised under such conditions because plant biomass accumulated at the beginning of reproductive phase is the most important factor to determine castor seed production (Severino et al., 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2014) reported highest castor seed yields with populations between 51,107 to 55,000 plants ha −1 cultivated under reduced row spacing (0.45 to 0.60 m). Likewise, studies demonstrated that high plant density arrangements of short‐height castor genotypes had improved seed (Alexopoulou et al., 2015; Carvalho et al., 2010; Jeong et al., 2019; Severino et al., 2017) and residue biomass yield (Pivetta et al., 2017). Therefore, it is essential to better understand castor growth characteristics in order to find out a plant density arrangement able to maximize biomass and seed production under fall‐winter (low water availability) condition (Severino & Auld, 2013a; Soratto et al., 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Close‐spaced plant arrangement optimizes castor biomass and seed yields in tropical fall–winter conditions

et al. 2022

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The high seed yield and optimum harvesting of short-height castor (Ricinus communis L.) genotypes have enabled its large-scale cultivation and introduction in the Brazilian cropping systems. Thus, studies to optimize plant density are essential to adequate plant population since this is the key management to influence castor biomass and seed production. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of plant density by altering plant arrangement (i.e., spacing between and within rows) on growth, biomass production and partitioning, and seed yield of a castor cultivar in fall-winter cropping season. Field experiments were conducted over two seasons in southeastern Brazil. Two close-spaced (0.45 × 0.23 m and 0.45 × 0.44 m) and a traditional (0.90 × 0.44 m) plant arrangements were tested. Plant arrangements influenced plant growth, biomass production and partitioning, and seed yield. Compared to the traditional layout, close-spaced plant arrangements resulted in thinner basal stems and lower leaf area per plant, but increased leaf area index. The plant arrangement with higher plant density increased per-unit area production of stem plus leaf biomass (43-48%), which also resulted in increased (24%) seed yield, compared to traditional layout. Although a greater amount of biomass was partitioned to reproductive organs in close-spaced plant arrangements, this allocation was not enough to influence the harvest index. Therefore, the adaptive performance of short-height castor adjusting biomass partitioning to maximize stem plus leaf biomass production and seed yield at close-spaced plant arrangement demonstrated this to be a suitable option to cultivate in the Brazilian fall-winter season.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Close‐spaced plant arrangement optimizes castor biomass and seed yields in tropical fall–winter conditions

et al. 2022

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“…Low plant height is important for R. communis to determine plant density, which may contribute to the adaptability of plants to different environments for single or intercropped cultivation (LISBOA et al, 2018;SORATTO et al, 2011). The development of castor bean plants with low heights may allow their growth in denser systems, which provides better area use, generating a higher production, and higher yields, since plants grown under denser systems present better light interception and significant decreases in vegetative drains (PIVETTA et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IDENTIFICATION OF Ricinus communis HYBRIDS FOR LOW PLANT HEIGHT1

et al. 2021

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Castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) is a plant native to Africa that presents important socioeconomic value for many countries, and has been the subject of breeding programs. In this context, the objective of this work was to identify genotypes with potential for improvement, focused on lowering plant height, using 19 hybrids and eight parents of R. communis. The study was developed at the experimental area of the Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia in Cruz das Almas, BA, Brazil. The experiment was conducted in 2017 using a randomized block design with three replications, consisting of eight parents and 19 hybrids resulting from hybridization of these parents, grown with spacing of 3 meters between rows and 1 meter between plants. The characters stem diameter (SD), primary raceme insertion height (PRI), number of stem internodes (NSI), mean stem internode length (SIL), plant height (PH), number of harvested racemes (NHR), primary raceme length (PRL), and effective raceme length (ERL) were evaluated by analyzing the genetic parameters of variances and correlation between them. Five (H17, H2, H11, H13, and H6) of the 19 hybrids evaluated have potential to decrease PH of castor bean plants, presenting heights below 1.07 m. Direct selection for plant height is the most indicated for this purpose due to the high heritability of the character. However, the characters SD, PRI, and SIL stood out by assisting in indirect selection to decrease plant height because they can be early measured and present high heritability and strong correlation with PH.

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“…One example is Brazil, where the policies have been intensively supporting the increase of the liquid biofuels production. As a result, the castor bean production is becoming steady and ever improved even where it was not traditionally grown [16][17][18]. Through governmental policies, the global market for Ricinus products has achieved 1378000 tonnes by the year 2014 culminating in 1777000 tonnes by 2016 [17] and is still projected to increase more by the years to come.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Catalysis of Mixed Oxides on Mesoporous Mayenite for Biodiesel Production from Castor Oil (Ricinus communis)

Solis¹,

Alejo²,

Kiros³

2018

Synth Catal

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Environmental concern has been driving the search for substitutes to the fossil based energy sources and has been pushing forward research for bolstering second generation biodiesel production processes. However, various challenges emerge from the use of such feedstocks, eg. in transesterification processes. The high content of free fatty acids and moisture in the precursor triglycerides are the major restraints for the transesterification reaction. For instance, Ricinus oil can be exploited by the use of a heterogeneous catalyst capable of maintaining high activity. This study shows the development of lithium and tin oxides catalysts supported on mayenite (Ca 12 Al 14 O 33 ) for the transesterification of Ricinus oil with methanol (CH 3 OH). A basic characterization procedure was carried out to establish the quality of the obtained ricinus oil. Once the ricinus oil properties were assessed it was used for the transesterification reaction by catalysts synthesized with mixtures of Li 2 O, CaO, and SnO 2 in different mass ratios. The best performance for the binary mixtures was obtained with 70/30 and 90/10% wt of CaO/SnO 2 mass ratios at a temperature of 60°C with a methanol to oil molar ratio of 12:1 and a catalyst load of 5% wt in respect to oil. Furthermore, catalysts with Li 2 O and SnO 2 were synthesized in mass ratios from 50/0 to 0/50% wt on a mesoporous mayenite. The synthesized catalysts were analysed by surface characterization techniques, such as N 2 -physisorption, NH 3 -desorption, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, a central composite design with a response surface methodology was used to optimize the yield. The response surface methodology led to a maximum biodiesel yield of 85% with bare SnO 2 on mayenite with 6% wt of a catalyst load in respect to oil, 60°C of a temperature, and 4:1 of a methanol to oil molar ratio. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to determine the state of the catalysts after carrying out the aging test of the catalysts in CH 3 OH.

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Growth performance of castor bean hybrids under different plant densities

Cited by 6 publications

References 13 publications

Close‐spaced plant arrangement optimizes castor biomass and seed yields in tropical fall–winter conditions

Close‐spaced plant arrangement optimizes castor biomass and seed yields in tropical fall–winter conditions

IDENTIFICATION OF Ricinus communis HYBRIDS FOR LOW PLANT HEIGHT1

Synthesis and Catalysis of Mixed Oxides on Mesoporous Mayenite for Biodiesel Production from Castor Oil (Ricinus communis)

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