RESUMO -Gliricídia, uma leguminosa arbórea utilizada no sombreamento de cacaueiros e na produção de forragem, é comumente empregada como cerca viva, madeira e lenha e pode ser multiplicada por sementes e por frações do caule ou de estacas. Conduziu-se este estudo na Escola de Agronomia da UFBA, em Cruz das Almas -Bahia, com o objetivo de avaliar métodos de plantio por estaquia, a fim de se identificar aquele de maior índice de pegamento das estacas, maior produção de forragem e menor custo de implantação. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram os seguintes: 1) estacas de 1 m de comprimento plantadas verticalmente em covas; 2) estacas de 0,5 m de comprimento plantadas verticalmente em covas; 3) estacas de 0,25 m de comprimento plantadas verticalmente em covas; 4) estacas de 1 m de comprimento plantadas horizontalmente dentro do sulco; 5) estacas de 0,5 m de comprimento plantadas horizontalmente dentro sulco. As estacas de 1,0 m de comprimento plantadas verticalmente dentro de covas (método 1) ou horizontalmente dentro de sulcos (método 4), após 14 dias de colhidas, são os métodos mais recomendáveis por apresentarem menores custos na preparação das estacas e operações de plantio, proporcionando melhores lucros por hectare quando consideradas as receitas das produções de matéria seca.Palavras-chave: custo de implantação, leguminosa arbórea, plantio por estacas, produção de matéria seca Establishment Methods of Gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Walp.) from Stakes for Forage ProductionABSTRACT -Gliricidia sepium has been used as shade tree in cocoa plantations, living fences, wood, fuel wood and livestock forage. It can be grown from seeds and from cuttings or stakes. This experiment was carried out to evaluate five grown methods from Gliricidia cuttings in other to identify the one showing highest stake sprouting indexes, forage production and least implantation costs. The experiment was in a randomized block design with five treatments and five replications. The treatments were the followings: 1) stakes with 1m in length placed vertically in pits; 2) stakes with .5 m in length placed vertically in pits; 3) stakes with .25 m in length placed vertically in pits; 4) stakes with 1 m in length placed horizontally in furrows; 5) stakes with .5 m in length placed horizontally in furrows. Stakes with 1m in length placed vertically in pits (method 1) or placed horizontally in furrows (method 4), after 14 days from harvesting, are the most recommended methods since they showed the least costs in expending time to prepare the cutting stakes and for planting operations, providing better profits per hectare, when the incomes from dry matter productions are taken into consideration.
Morphoagronomic characterization is a basic requirement to identify a phenotypic profile of a population. The quantification of variability allows efficient selection of superior and divergent genotypes. Thus, this study aimed to estimate the variability among 490 genotypes and seven strains, from an F2 population of Ricinus communis L., in 35 morphoagronomic traits and 12 agronomic traits. For qualitative descriptors, the entropy technique was used in the percentage frequencies of each category, computing its level using the coefficient of Rényi (1961). Quantitative descriptors were subjected to analysis of variance by the F test, and Tukey test was performed at 1% probability level. Of the morphoagronomic traits used, 13 were related to plants, nine were related to inflorescence, six were related to fruits and seven were linked to seeds, in addition to 12 agronomic traits. The material was arranged in the field with families (strains of five families) interspersed with their respective parents (controls). Stem color, shape and number of racemes collected, main color, type of secondary color and hundred-seed weight have high variability in the population, with formation of 68 groups as a function of genetic similarity. The possibility of selection as to the number of racemes harvested is clear, so it is possible to identify genotypes with higher number, aiming to enhance crop yield.
Castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) is a plant native to Africa that presents important socioeconomic value for many countries, and has been the subject of breeding programs. In this context, the objective of this work was to identify genotypes with potential for improvement, focused on lowering plant height, using 19 hybrids and eight parents of R. communis. The study was developed at the experimental area of the Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia in Cruz das Almas, BA, Brazil. The experiment was conducted in 2017 using a randomized block design with three replications, consisting of eight parents and 19 hybrids resulting from hybridization of these parents, grown with spacing of 3 meters between rows and 1 meter between plants. The characters stem diameter (SD), primary raceme insertion height (PRI), number of stem internodes (NSI), mean stem internode length (SIL), plant height (PH), number of harvested racemes (NHR), primary raceme length (PRL), and effective raceme length (ERL) were evaluated by analyzing the genetic parameters of variances and correlation between them. Five (H17, H2, H11, H13, and H6) of the 19 hybrids evaluated have potential to decrease PH of castor bean plants, presenting heights below 1.07 m. Direct selection for plant height is the most indicated for this purpose due to the high heritability of the character. However, the characters SD, PRI, and SIL stood out by assisting in indirect selection to decrease plant height because they can be early measured and present high heritability and strong correlation with PH.
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