Explaining emerging powers’ reluctance to adopt intervention norms: normative contestation and hierarchies of responsibility

Abstract

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What doesn’t kill a norm makes it stronger? Brazil’s contestation of the responsibility to protect

“…First it complements the literature on Brazil and R2P by adding a theoretically grounded account of Brazil's contestation of R2P and its effects on the contested norm. While existing literature has focused on the country's non-Western actorness in normative debates (Kenkel et al 2020;Stefan 2017;Kenkel & Destradi 2019;Stuenkel 2016), its role as a norm-shaper and contester seeking to promote its preference for prevention and the respect for sovereignty (Kotyashko et al 2018;Ribeiro 2020;Ribeiro et al 2020;Stuenkel and Tourinho 2014) and as a contributor to the further operationalization of R2P (Tourinho et al 2015), the theoretical framework employed in this article allows for a more nuanced understanding of how (dis)agreements over a norm's meaning help us grasp the effects of contestation on R2P. Second, it builds on the body of literature that describes contestation as part of a norm's life (Acharya 2004;Wiener 2014) but remains silent on its outcomes as well as the future of the norm.…”

Crisis and changes in international governance in the dawn of the 21st century: rethinking the spheres of international politics

“…However, although the intensity of interactions among actors of different nature is correct, so also including the virtual actors of the cyberspace, the idea that the structural features might remain tied to Waltz's hypotheses (1979) that emphasize the enormous continuity of the systemic conditions in the international distribution of power, seems to lose consistency. While Waltz's premise remained very ingrained among realist and liberal scholars, the different political capacity achieved by different actors in the developing world, such as China, India, Brazil and Russia who question the rules of governance, moving from rule takers to rule makers of international standards and governance, evidences changes in systemic power that are neither negligible nor insignificant (Kenkel and Destradi 2019).…”